From: Schizophrenia pathophysiology: are we any closer to a complete model?
Models | Relevant drugs | References |
---|---|---|
Development of brain changes due to prenatal or perinatal insult(s); neurodevelopment hypothesis | Â | |
Due to disruption of working memory leading to reduced working memory even with normal brain function | Â | |
Genetic inheritance contributes to the onset of schizophrenia | Â | |
Decomposition of the oligodendrocyte-axonic system causes symptoms of schizophrenia; oligodendrocytic computation capacity theory | Â | [17] |
The NPY gene is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia; reduction of levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain leads to pathological changes | Â | |
Reduced expression of DTNBP1 confers susceptibility to schizophrenia | Â | |
PRODH is deleted in schizophrenia patients and may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. | Â | [23] |
DAOA (G72) produces a gene product that affects glutamate signaling in schizophrenia patients | Â | [24] |
TAAR6 is a familial gene that is constitutively expressed in the brain and was discovered in families who had a history of schizophrenia | Â | [23] |
Expression changes or splice variants of ZDHHC8 gene leads to the disruption of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain and increases the risk of developing schizophrenia | Â | [25] |
Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NRG1 appear to cause speech deficits on the semantic level and might increase the susceptibility to schizophrenia | Â | |
Increased levels of COMT are associated with glial abnormalities and altered dopamine-glutamate interactions | Â | |
Decreased levels of DISC1 cause neuronal abnormalities that might play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis | Â | |
Due to alterations in glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission | Phencyclidine (PCP) drugs | [40] |
Dopamine D2 receptor expression is also highly implicated in the disturbance associated with schizophrenia | Aripiprazole, haloperidol | |
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PI4,5K) has been strongly associated in the incidence of schizophrenia | Sildenafil | [41] |