From: Maternal bonding styles in smokers and non-smokers: a comparative study
 | Smokers | Non-smokers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Males | Females | Total | Males | Females | |
N | 129 | 61 (47.3%) | 68 (52.7%) | 610 | 198 (32.5%) | 412 (67.5%) |
Age (M ± SD) | 52.4 ± 12.8 | 52.0 ± 14.2 | 52.8 ± 11.4 | 22.4 ± 2.1 | 22.5 ± 2.3 | 22.3 ± 2.1 |
MB | ||||||
Care (M ± SD) | 27.0 ± 7.7 | 28.9 ± 6.2 | 25.3 ± 8.7b | 30.3 ± 6.2 | 30.3 ± 5.4 | 30.2 ± 6.6 |
Protection (M ± SD) | 14.6 ± 8.6 | 13.2 ± 8.1 | 15.8 ± 8.9 | 12.8 ± 7.6 | 13.4 ± 7.3 | 12.6 ± 7.7 |
AC | 18.6% | 21.7% | 16.2% | 26.9% | 32.8% | 24.0%b |
OP | 38.8% | 48.3% | 29.4%b | 52.5% | 50.0% | 53.6% |
ALC | 27.1% | 15.0% | 38.2%b | 14.9% | 13.6% | 15.5% |
NP | 15.5% | 15.0% | 16.2% | 5.7% | 3.5% | 6.8% |
HC/LC | 57.4%/42.6% | 70.0%/30.0% | 45.6%/54.4%a | 79.3%/20.7% | 82.8%/17.2% | 77.7%/22.3% |
HOP/LOP | 45.7%/54.3% | 36.7%/63.3% | 54.4%/45.6%b | 41.8%/58.2% | 46.5%/53.5% | 39.6%/60.4% |