Skip to main content

Table 4 Comparison of changes in clinical variables between pre- and post-treatment in depression treatment responder groups

From: The impact of depression on language function in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: a pre/post-treatment design

 

Responders in AD + D (n = 18)

Responders in LLD (n = 13)

Baseline (mean ± SD)

After 16 weeks (mean ± SD)

p value

Cohen’s d

Baseline (mean ± SD)

After 16 weeks (mean ± SD)

p value

Cohen’s d

Depressive Symptoms

CSDD

14.44 ± 7.58

3.50 ± 3.13

0.000**

1.605

–

–

–

–

HAMD

–

–

–

 

14.54 ± 5.62

1.38 ± 1.26

0.000***

2.396

SGDS-K

11.11 ± 3.69

5.61 ± 0.88

0.000***

1.340

9.69 ± 4.11

2.00 ± 1.78

0.000***

2.279

Cognitive function

MMSE-KC

16.28 ± 3.29

18.28 ± 4.75

0.033*

−0.546

24.15 ± 3.21

25.69 ± 3.66

0.035*

−0.660

Word Fluency

7.28 ± 2.82

8.33 ± 3.53

0.138

−0.367

11.15 ± 2.76

12.69 ± 3.38

0.052

−0.599

K-BNT

4.67 ± 2.38

6.06 ± 2.96

0.042*

−0.518

9.45 ± 2.95

10.00 ± 3.52

0.441

−0.242

Word List Memory

7.60 ± 3.24

8.80 ± 3.19

0.493

−0.226

17.40 ± 5.46

18.10 ± 5.20

0.472

−0.238

Word List Recall

1.10 ± 0.88

1.80 ± 1.14

0.132

−0.523

6.10 ± 1.79

6.60 ± 1.65

0.440

−0.255

Word List Recognition

4.67 ± 2.92

5.00 ± 3.35

0.818

−0.079

9.70 ± 0.68

9.90 ± 0.32

0.343

−0.316

Constructional Praxis

5.78 ± 2.44

5.94 ± 2.31

0.687

−0.097

8.55 ± 1.86

8.73 ± 2.49

0.676

−0.130

Constructional Recall

1.06 ± 1.48

0.82 ± 1.85

0.509

0.164

3.45 ± 2.02

5.27 ± 2.72

0.101

−0.544

SBT-K

20.18 ± 5.87

18.88 ± 7.38

0.165

0.353

4.92 ± 6.09

5.23 ± 5.45

0.843

−0.056

DSTF

4.29 ± 0.85

4.41 ± 0.94

0.608

−0.127

4.85 ± 1.28

4.85 ± 1.07

1.000

0.000

DSTB

2.24 ± 1.09

2.18 ± 0.95

0.718

0.089

2.62 ± 1.39

2.77 ± 1.09

0.502

−0.192

Contrasting Program

9.12 ± 7.43

10.82 ± 8.01

0.376

−0.221

17.77 ± 3.56

19.00 ± 2.74

0.143

−0.434

Go/No-Go

9.00 ± 6.86

9.76 ± 5.72

0.685

−0.100

14.00 ± 5.46

17.00 ± 3.27

0.043*

−0.628

Semantic Fluency

16.06 ± 4.29

18.35 ± 7.87

0.114

−0.405

25.50 ± 4.99

27.00 ± 5.66

0.160

−0.484

Phonemic Fluency

7.90 ± 8.36

10.60 ± 10.30

0.056

−0.694

20.56 ± 10.48

22.11 ± 13.69

0.590

−0.187

Stroop color

25.44 ± 15.65

34.56 ± 17.34

0.062

−0.721

61.58 ± 22.58

66.08 ± 30.30

0.604

−0.154

Others

S-IADL

17.22 ± 8.82

16.78 ± 9.58

0.833

0.050

4.23 ± 1.79

2.08 ± 2.25

0.005**

0.950

BDS–ADL

1.72 ± 1.22

1.97 ± 1.34

0.535

−0.149

–

–

–

–

NPI

6.17 ± 4.13

3.22 ± 5.01

0.005**

0.769

–

–

–

–

WHO-5

31.78 ± 26.48

40.67 ± 15.78

0.243

−0.285

21.23 ± 18.86

60.62 ± 15.99

0.000***

−2.301

SIS

6.67 ± 2.57

4.50 ± 2.01

0.004**

0.794

6.00 ± 2.92

4.62 ± 1.39

0.177

0.398

Suicidality

4.56 ± 8.17

1.33 ± 3.17

0.045*

0.510

2.38 ± 3.07

0.85 ± 1.73

0.114

0.472

  1. The cognitive function, psychosocial and other variables were compared by Paired t test. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d
  2. AD + D, Alzheimer’s disease with depression; AD − D, Alzheimer’s disease without depression; LLD, late-life depression; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; CSDD, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; SGDS-K, Short Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version; MMSE-KC, Korean version mini-mental state examination; K-BNT, Korean version of the Boston Naming Test; SBT-K, Korean version of Short Blessed test; DSTF, Digit Span Forward; DSTB, Digit Span Backward; S-IADL, Seoul Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; BDS-ADL, Blessed Dementia Scale–Activities of Daily Living; WHO-5, Korean version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index; SIS, Suicidal Ideation Scale
  3. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001
Back to article page

Annals of General Psychiatry

ISSN: 1744-859X