Outcomes | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence % | 95% CI | Heterogeneity assessment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower % | Upper % | I square % | Z | P value | |||
Overall prevalence | 71 | 48 | 42 | 54 | 88.53 | 26.62 |  < 0.0001 |
Type of prevalence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Point prevalence | 3 | 39 | 35 | 43 | 86.99 | 22.09 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 16 | 45 | 35 | 54 | 89.93 | 26.33 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 52 | 50 | 42 | 57 | 88.43 | 26.41 |  < 0.0001 |
Type of TS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female to male |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Overall | 11 | 51 | 43 | 59 | 93.40 | 12.28 |  < 0.0001 |
  Period prevalence | 2 | 40 | 35 | 45 | 93.71 | 12.22 |  < 0.0001 |
  Life time prevalence | 9 | 53 | 44 | 62 | 88.90 | 10.33 |  < 0.0001 |
Male to female | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 20 | 44 | 35 | 53 | 97.56 | 19.21 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 3 | 47 | 33 | 61 | 80.09 | 16.00 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 17 | 43 | 33 | 53 | 90.88 | 18.29 |  < 0.0001 |
Both | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 40 | 49 | 41 | 58 | 89.60 | 17.05 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 11 | 45 | 33 | 57 | 89.68 | 11.45 |  < 0.0001 |
 Point prevalence | 3 | 39 | 35 | 43 | 98.88 | 30.36 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 26 | 53 | 40 | 65 | 94.66 | 12.45 |  < 0.0001 |
Continents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Overall | 10 | 43 | 39 | 48 | 86.44 | 27.69 |  < 0.0001 |
  Period prevalence | 5 | 38 | 35 | 40 | 0.00 | 47.97 | 0.500 |
  Life time prevalence | 5 | 50 | 38 | 62 | 93.52 | 11.94 |  < 0.0001 |
Asia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 17 | 53 | 46 | 59 | 95.75 | 23.67 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 1 | 23 | 15 | 33 | - | 8.87 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 16 | 54 | 48 | 61 | 95.51 | 24.74 |  < 0.0001 |
America | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 42 | 46 | 37 | 55 | 97.99 | 15.30 |  < 0.0001 |
 Point prevalence | 2 | 37 | 30 | 44 | 89.03 | 16.69 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 10 | 50 | 37 | 63 | 89.43 | 10.82 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 30 | 45 | 33 | 58 | 88.99 | 11.13 |  < 0.0001 |
Australia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 2 | 71 | 68 | 74 | 88.90 | 54.59 |  < 0.0001 |
Continents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  MTF | 4 | 47 | 38 | 55 | 65.29 | 16.66 | 0.0380 |
  FTM | 4 | 46 | 39 | 54 | 73.46 | 18.85 | 0.0109 |
  Both | 2 | 35 | 34 | 37 | 88.00 | 96.18 |  < 0.0001 |
Asia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MTF | 7 | 52 | 39 | 65 | 97.26 | 11.68 |  < 0.0001 |
 FTM | 3 | 58 | 47 | 68 | 88.09 | 14.90 |  < 0.0001 |
 Both | 7 | 50 | 39 | 62 | 95.00 | 12.63 |  < 0.0001 |
America | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MTF | 9 | 35 | 23 | 48 | 97.59 | 8.55 |  < 0.0001 |
 FTM | 4 | 50 | 22 | 77 | 96.45 | 4.94 |  < 0.0001 |
 Both | 29 | 49 | 38 | 60 | 99.68 | 13.06 |  < 0.0001 |
Australia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Both | 2 | 71 | 68 | 74 | 89.04 | 54.59 | 0.0089 |