Outcomes | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence % | 95 CI | Heterogeneity assessment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower % | Upper % | I square % | Z | P value | |||
Overall prevalence | 82 | 26 | 22 | 31 | 95.51 | 18.01 |  < 0.0001 |
Type of prevalence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Point prevalence | 2 | 16 | 13 | 19 | 88.10 | 17.18 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 10 | 11 | 5 | 19 | 99.26 | 5.66 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 70 | 29 | 25 | 34 | 99.11 | 22.54 |  < 0.0001 |
Type of TS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female to male |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Overall/life time prevalence | 11 | 22 | 13 | 31 | 96.79 | 7.98 |  < 0.0001 |
  Male to female |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Overall | 17 | 25 | 21 | 30 | 91.14 | 18.83 |  < 0.0001 |
  Period prevalence | 1 | 13 | 10 | 17 | – | 13.54 |  < 0.0001 |
  Life time prevalence | 16 | 26 | 22 | 30 | 89.56 | 19.74 |  < 0.0001 |
Both | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 54 | 28 | 22 | 34 | 98.67 | 14.53 |  < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 9 | 11 | 5 | 20 | 89.31 | 5.29 |  < 0.0001 |
 Point prevalence | 2 | 16 | 13 | 19 | 88.88 | 17.18 |  < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 43 | 33 | 27 | 38 | 89.38 | 18.81 |  < 0.0001 |
Continents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Overall/life time prevalence | 10 | 33 | 29 | 36 | 74.95 | 30.53 |  < 0.0001 |
Asia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall/life time prevalence | 12 | 23 | 18 | 28 | 94.51 | 14.17 |  < 0.0001 |
America | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 56 | 25 | 19 | 32 | 99.64 | 13.24 |  < 0.0001 |
 Point prevalence | 1 | 14 | 8 | 22 | 87.33 | 7.56 | < 0.0001 |
 Period prevalence | 10 | 11 | 5 | 19 | 89.26 | 5.66 | < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 45 | 29 | 24 | 35 | 89.36 | 16.23 | < 0.0001 |
Australia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Overall | 4 | 38 | 26 | 52 | 97.87 | 9.42 | < 0.0001 |
 Point prevalence | 1 | 17 | 13 | 21 | – | 15.80 | < 0.0001 |
 Life time prevalence | 3 | 46 | 40 | 52 | 88.79 | 24.57 | < 0.0001 |
Continents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  MTF | 4 | 32 | 25 | 39 | 54.76 | 14.98 | 0.080 |
  FTM | 4 | 34 | 23 | 45 | 88.87 | 10.00 |  < 0.0001 |
  Both | 2 | 34 | 33 | 35 | 88.00 | 94.50 |  < 0.0001 |
Asia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MTF | 5 | 26 | 19 | 34 | 91.97 | 11.52 |  < 0.0001 |
 FTM | 2 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 88.79 | 22.44 |  < 0.0001 |
 Both | 5 | 26 | 15 | 38 | 94.41 | 6.94 |  < 0.0001 |
America | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MTF | 8 | 21 | 15 | 29 | 93.46 | 10.44 |  < 0.0001 |
 FTM | 5 | 18 | 6 | 35 | 96.30 | 3.88 |  < 0.0001 |
 Both | 43 | 27 | 20 | 35 | 98.72 | 11.84 |  < 0.0001 |
Australia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Both | 4 | 38 | 26 | 52 | 97.87 | 9.42 |  < 0.0001 |