Table 1 Distribution of characteristics among patients with different disease types at initial hospitalization

Overall

2009

1179(58.7%)

830(41.3%)

Gender, n (%)

16.426

< 0.001

 Male

756(37.6)

487(64.4)

269(35.6)

 Female

1253(62.4)

692(55.2)

561(44.8)

Age, (years) mean ± SD

37.41 ± 15.25

32.06 ± 12.36

45.01 ± 15.73

-19.806

< 0.001

Occupation, n (%)

105.021

< 0.001

 Worker/farmer

62(3.1)

37(59.7)

25(40.3)

 Employee

223(11.1)

130(58.3)

93(41.7)

 Freelancer

1142(56.8)

638(55.9)

504(44.1)

 Soldier or student

155(7.7)

127(81.9)

28(18.1))

 Retiree

130(6.5)

37(28.5)

93(71.5)

 Unemployed

297(14.8)

210(70.7)

87(29.3)

Monthly income, (yuan) n (%)

8.966

0.030

 < 1000

234(11.6)

154(65.8)

80(34.2)

 1000–3000

927(46.1)

553(59.7)

374(40.3)

 3000–5000

467(23.2)

265(56.7)

202(43.3)

 ≥ 5000

381(19.1)

Residence, n (%)

0.884

0.347

 Beijing

1205(60.0)

697(57.8)

508(42.2)

 Non-Beijing

804(40.0)

482(60.0)

322(40.0)

Ethnicity, n (%)

0.434

0.510

 Han

1927(95.9)

1128(58.5)

799(41.5)

 Minority

82(4.1)

51(62.2)

31(37.8)

Marital status, n (%)

191.153

< 0.001

 Single

753(37.5)

589(78.2)

164(21.8)

 Married

1097(54.6)

508(46.3)

589(53.7)

 Divorced or widowed

159(7.9)

82(51.6)

77(48.4)

Only child, n (%)

70.599

< 0.001

 No

1436(71.5)

759(52.9)

677(47.1)

 Yes

573(28.5)

420(73.3)

153(26.7)

Interpersonal relationship, n (%)

23.681

< 0.001

 Bad

160(8.0)

112(70.0)

48(30.0)

 General

823(41.0)

515(62.6)

308(37.4)

 Good

1026(51.1)

552(53.8)

474(46.2)

Having children, n (%)

193.951

< 0.001

 No

862(42.9)

658(76.3)

204(23.7)

 Yes

1147(57.1)

521(45.4)

626(54.6)

Suicide history, n (%)

2.146

0.143

 No

1567(78.0)

933(59.5)

634(40.5)

 Yes

442(22.0)

246(55.7)

196(44.3)

History of respiratory diseases, n (%)

0.625

0.429

 No

1879(93.5)

1107(58.9)

772(41.1)

 Yes

130(6.5)

72(55.4)

58(44.6)

History of cardiovascular diseases, n (%)

13.254

< 0.001

 No

1697(84.5)

1081(63.7)

616(36.3)

 Yes

312(15.5)

98(31.4)

214(68.6)

History of genitourinary diseases, n (%)

13.254

< 0.001

 No

1855(92.3)

1110(59.8)

745(40.2)

 Yes

154(7.7)

69(44.8)

85(55.2)

History of digestive diseases, n (%)

19.440

< 0.001

 No

1762(87.7)

1066(60.5)

696(39.5)

 Yes

247(12.3)

113(45.7)

134(54.3)

History of endocrine disorders, n (%)

28.456

< 0.001

 No

1835(91.3)

1110(60.5)

725(39.5)

 Yes

174(8.7)

69(39.7)

105(60.3)

History of neurological diseases, n (%)

21.913

< 0.001

 No

1895(94.3)

1136(59.9)

759(40.1)

 Yes

114(5.7)

43(37.7)

71(62.3)

History of drug allergies, n (%)

1.444

0.229

 No

1808(90.0)

1069(59.1)

739(40.9)

 Yes

201(10.0)

110(54.7)

91(45.3)

History of food allergies, n (%)

6.487

0.011

 No

1927(95.9)

1142(59.3)

785(40.7)

 Yes

82(4.1)

37(45.1)

45(54.9)

Vaccinations, n (%)

7.005

0.008

 No

158(7.9)

77(48.7)

81(51.3)

 Yes

1851(92.1)

1102(59.5)

749(40.5)

History of infectious diseases, n (%)

0.143

0.705

 No

1935(96.3)

1134(58.6)

801(41.4)

 Yes

74(3.7)

45(60.8)

29(39.2)

History of major trauma, n (%)

0.384

0.535

 No

1793(89.2)

1048(58.4)

745(41.6)

 Yes

216(10.8)

131(60.6)

85(39.4)

Smoking, n (%)

22.559

< 0.001

 No

1549(77.1)

865(55.8)

684(44.2)

 Yes

460(22.9)

314(68.3)

146(31.7)

Drinking, n (%)

6.322

0.012

 No

1681(83.7)

966(57.5)

715(42.5)

 Yes

328(16.3)

213(64.9)

115(35.1)

Self-care ability, n (%)

8.826

0.012

 Unable

15(0.7)

6(40.0)

9(60.0)

 Partial

155(7.7)

76(49.0)

79(51.0)

 Able

1839(91.5)

1097(59.7)

742(40.3)

Precipitating factor, n (%)

19.935

< 0.001

 No

1232(61.3)

771(62.6)

461(37.4)

 Yes

777(38.7)

408(52.5)

369(47.5)

Adverse effects of treatment, n (%)

7.006

0.008

 No

1300(64.7)

735(56.5)

565(43.5)

 Yes

709(35.3)

444(62.6)

265(37.4)

Clinical manifestation, n (%)

33.240

< 0.001

 Intermittent

1350(67.2)

852(63.1)

498(36.9)

 Continuous

659(32.8)

327(49.6)

332(50.4)

Onset type, n (%)

16.506

< 0.001

 Acute

464(23.1)

310(66.8)

154(33.2)

 Sub-acute

349(17.4)

194(55.6)

155(44.4)

 Chronic

1196(59.50

675(56.4)

521(43.6)

Suicide behavior, n (%)

165.804

< 0.001

 No

1255(62.5)

874(69.6)

381(30.4)

 Suicide ideation

526(26.2)

216(41.1)

310(58.9)

 Suicide attempt

228(11.3)

89(39.0)

139(61.0)

Hospitalization frequency, n (%)

2.470

0.291

 2

1430(71.2)

824(57.6)

606(42.4)

 3

382(19.0)

232(60.7)

150(39.3)

 ≥ 4

197(9.8)

123(62.4)

74(37.6)

Duration, (years) Mean ± SD

5.26 ± 7.28

4.87 ± 6.63

5.80 ± 8.10

-2.728

0.006

MECT, n(%)

31.481

< 0.001

 No

835(41.6)

429(51.4)

406(48.6)

 Yes

1174(58.4)

750(63.9)

328(36.1)

Comorbidity, n(%)

30.443

< 0.001

 No

471(23.4)

328(69.6)

143(30.4)

 Yes

1538(76.6)

851(55.3)

687(44.7)

Treatment effectiveness, n(%)

4.623

0.099

 Cure

276(13.7)

178(64.5)

98(35.5)

 Improvement

1653(82.3)

953(57.7)

700(42.3)

 Not healed

80(4.0)

48(60.0)

32(40.0)

Antipsychotics, n(%)

305.769

< 0.001

 No

378(18.8)

71(18.8)

307(81.2)

 Yes

1631(81.2)

1108(67.9)

523(32.1)

Moodstabilizers, n(%)

1245.390

< 0.001

 No

745(37.1)

61(8.2)

684(91.8)

 Yes

1264(62.9)

1118(88.4)

146(11.6)

Antidepressants, n(%)

1067.434

< 0.001

 No

1083(53.9)

995(91.9)

88(8.1)

 Yes

926(46.1)

184(19.9)

742(80.1)

Anxiolytics, n(%)

122.815

< 0.001

 No

1491(74.2)

982(65.9)

509(34.1)

 Yes

518(25.8)

197(38.0)

321(41.3)