No association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among a community-dwelling population in Japan

Table 1 Characteristics according to subjects with and without depressive symptoms

	Subjects with	Subjects without	p value^c
	depressive symptoms^a	depressive symptoms^b
Number of subjects	97	694
Age	57.0 ± 14.1	57.6 ± 13.6	0.673
BMI	22.9 ± 3.7	23.1 ± 3.5	0.756
Amount of education (year)	11.5 ± 2.1	11.5 ± 2.1	0.757
Male (%)	34.0	38.9	0.354
Married (%)	74.2	74.2	0.997
Current smoking (%)	13.4	15.6	0.580
Habitual alcohol intake (%)	43.3	44.7	0.799
Exercise habit^d (%)	11.3	12.8	0.680
History of hypertension (%)	29.9	30.8	0.851
History of diabetes mellitus (%)	5.2	5.9	0.767
Dietary intake
Energy (kcal)	1870 ± 639	1942 ± 609	0.279
Folate (ug/1000kcal)	178 ± 73	173 ± 62	0.431
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg/1000kcal)	0.67 ± 0.19	0.66 ± 0.18	0.923
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) (mg/1000kcal)	0.65 ± 0.18	0.65 ± 0.17	0.887
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) (μg/1000kcal)	5.2 ± 3.0	5.1 ± 2.7	0.809
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/1000kcal)	1.43 ± 0.50	1.44 ± 0.50	0.866

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
^a Subiects wth a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depresion scale score ≧16.
^b Subiects wlh a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depresion scale score <16.
^c For continuous variables non-paired t-test was used; for categorical variables, chi square test was used.
^d Exercise habit was defined as 4 and more times per week.

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