Table 2 Risk factors associated with having lower MMSE scores (≤23) as estimated by logistic regression analysis
From: Cognitive function and number of teeth in a community-dwelling population in Japan
Parameter | Crude odds ratio (mean (95% CI)) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (mean (95% CI)) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.847 |
Male | 1.62 (0.73–3.59) | 0.236 | 2.98 (0.71–12.53) | 0.136 |
Level of education (years) | 0.53 (0.41–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.35–0.78) | <0.01 |
Smoking status | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Current | 1.22 (0.27–5.48) | 0.800 | 0.88 (0.11–6.81) | 0.904 |
Previous | 1.71 (0.66–4.48) | 0.273 | 1.89 (0.44–8.20) | 0.395 |
Habitual alcohol intake | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Current | 1.44 (0.64–3.25) | 0.381 | 0.75 (0.19–2.98) | 0.683 |
Previous | 1.39 (0.17–11.36) | 0.757 | 1.08 (0.07–15.81) | 0.954 |
Positive history of | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 1.16 (0.34–4.03) | 0.813 | 0.36 (0.06–2.14) | 0.259 |
Hypertension | 1.17 (0.53–2.58) | 0.699 | 0.73 (0.23–2.28) | 0.589 |
Cancer | 1.54 (0.44–5.40) | 0.498 | 1.74 (0.35–8.73) | 0.503 |
TMIG-IC score | ||||
Instrumental self-maintenance | 0.35 (0.18–0.69) | <0.01 | 0.58 (0.20–1.75) | 0.336 |
Intellectual activity | 0.38 (0.25–0.57) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.33–0.98) | <0.05 |
Social role | 0.60 (0.37–0.99) | <0.05 | 0.55 (0.29–1.06) | 0.074 |
CES-D total score | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 0.198 | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 0.723 |
Number of remaining teeth | ||||
22–32 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
11–21 | 7.34 (0.85–63.57) | 0.070 | 3.50 (0.32–38.25) | 0.305 |
0–10 | 27.33 (3.62–206.21) | <0.01 | 20.21 (2.20–185.47) | <0.01 |