Table 1 Clinical characteristics of panic disorder patients with and without comorbid bipolar disorder
| Â | PD (n = 274) | PD+BD (n = 52) | F/chi-square | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 36.7 (11.5) | 35.1 (11.6) | -0.9 | NS |
Sex, female, n (%) | 191 (69.7) | 31 (59.6) | 2.0 | NS |
Agoraphobia, n (%) | 219 (79.9) | 44 (84.6) | 0.06 | NS |
First degree family history, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mood disorders | 83 (30.3) | 23 (44.2) | 3.9 | 0.05 |
Substance abuse | 10 (3.7) | 3 (5.8) | 0.5 | NS |
Panic-agoraphobic disorder | 110 (40.1) | 33 (63.5) | 9.6 | 0.002 |
Age at onset, mean (SD) | 29.9 (10.5) | 26.0 (11.0) | -2.5 | NS |
Length of illness in months, mean (SD) | 87.2 (128.4) | 117.4 (159.4) | 1.5 | NS |
Life-up scores at baseline, mean (SD): | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Panic disorder | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.2 (0.8) | -0.9 | NS |
Agoraphobia | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.2 | NS |
General adjustment (GAS) | 69.8 (11.1) | 68.3 (9.8) | -0.9 | NS |
Lifetime comorbidity, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Major depression | 91 (33.2) | - | Â | Â |
Generalized anxiety | 46 (16.8) | 12 (23.1) | 1.2 | NS |
Social phobia | 21 (7.7) | 9 (17.3) | 4.9 | 0.03 |
Obsessive-compulsive | 20 (7.3) | 11 (21.1) | 9.7 | 0.002. |
Alcohol-related disorders | 16 (5.8) | 9 (17.3) | 8.1 | 0.004. |
Separation anxiety | 85 (31.0) | 24 (46.1) | 4.5 | 0.03 |
Personality disorders, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Avoidant | 64 (23.4) | 16 (30.8) | 1.3 | NS |
Dependent | 37 (13.5) | 7 (13.5) | 0.000 | NS |