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Table 1 Comparison of the two trauma samples.

From: Risk factors predict post-traumatic stress disorder differently in men and women

 

Explosion study

Stabbing incident

 

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

PTSD prevalence

6.9%

20.0%

14.2%*

1.8%

14.2%

9.5%***

HTQ total

48.03 (12.55)

54.55 (17.63)

51.56 (15.80)*

46.17 (9.61)

57.16 (16.08)

52.96 (14.93)***

HTQ re-experiencing

6.64 (2.17)

7.64 (2.69)

7.19 (2.64)**

7.64 (2.37)

10.08 (3.57)

9.15 (3.38)***

HTQ avoidance

10.21 (3.08)

11.37 (4.41)

10.86 (3.91)

9.97 (2.77)

11.96 (3.63)

11.20 (3.46)***

HTQ arousal

8.88 (3.46)

10.89 (3.81)

9.99 (3.79)***

7.97 (2.94)

10.24 (3.82)

9.38 (3.68)***

Age

50.75 (15.30)

49.68 (14.05)

50.20 (14.67)

17.93 (0.98)

18.02 (1.09)

17.99 (1.05)

Previous trauma

1.65 (1.41)

1.52 (1.29)

1.58 (1.35)

1.66 (1.53)

1.54 (1.50)

1.58 (1.51)

CSS total

38.27 (5.93)

39.45 (5.93)

38.87 (5.95)*

40.50 (5.18)

40.00 (6.03)

40.19 (5.73)

CSS 1

5.94 (1.23)

6.20 (1.08)

6.07 (1.16)*

6.42 (0.98)

1.07 (0.76)

1.04 (0.06)

CSS 2

5.18 (1.36)

5.33 (1.36)

5.26 (1.36)

5.51 (1.42)

5.83 (1.45)

5.71 (1.45)

CSS 3

5.71 (1.30)

6.02 (1.20)

5.87 (1.26)**

5.38 (1.45)

5.21 (1.49)

5.28 (1.48)

CSS 4

5.90 (1.21)

5.86 (1.11)

5.88 (1.16)

6.46 (0.81)

6.26 (1.14)

6.34 (1.03)

CSS 5

4.68 (1.85)

5.06 (1.92)

4.88 (1.89)*

4.03 (2.22)

4.52 (2.01)

4.34 (2.10)

CSS 6

2.39 (1.62)

2.62 (1.81)

2.51 (1.72)

1.69 (1.37)

2.21 (1.60)

2.02 (1.54)**

CSS 7

5.19 (1.66)

5.59 (1.53)

5.39 (1.61)**

6.19 (1.06)

6.07 (1.10)

6.11 (1.09)

GHQ anxiety

15.69 (4.73)

17.33 (5.34)

16.52 (5.11)***

-

-

-

GHQ depression

7.58 (2.16)

8.02 (2.64)

7.80 (2.43)*

-

-

-

TSC NA

12.50 (2.77)

14.53 (4.35)

13.53 (3.79)***

13.06 (3.23)

15.55 (4.12)

14.6 (3.99)***

TSC dissociation

5.84 (1.45)

6.26 (1.66)

6.05 (1.57)**

6.06 (1.36)

6.81 (2.17)

6.53 (1.94)***

  1. Means and standard deviations (SD) for the two studies for men, women, and total sample are shown
  2. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.
  3. CSS, Crisis Support Scale (items include: 1, perceived ability for someone listening; 2, contact with people in a similar situation; 3, the ability to express oneself; 4, received sympathy and support; 5, practical support; 6, the experience of being let down; 7, general satisfaction with social support); GHQ-30, 30-question General Health Questionnaire; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire part IV; NA, negative affectivity; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TSC, 26-item Trauma Symptom Checklist (only the subscales for NA and dissociation were used in this study).