Clinical and economic outcomes of adjunctive therapy with pregabalin or usual care in generalized anxiety disorder patients with partial response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Álvarez, Enrique; Olivares, José M; Carrasco, José L; López-Gómez, Vanessa; Rejas, Javier

doi:10.1186/s12991-014-0040-0

Annals of General Psychiatry

Table 4 Health resources utilization and direct costs (€) by treatment group

From: Clinical and economic outcomes of adjunctive therapy with pregabalin or usual care in generalized anxiety disorder patients with partial response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

	Pregabalin			Usual care			p between groups
	N = 486			N = 239
	Baseline	Final	Change (95% CI)	Baseline	Final	Change (95% CI)	Baseline	Final ^a
Resources
Non-pharmacological treatment^b
Psychosocial therapy	0.1 (0.4)	0.1 (0.7)	0.07 (0.01, 0.13)*	0.1 (0.6)	0.1 (0.5)	0.01 (−0.06, 0.09)	0.122	0.226
Cognitive-behavioral therapies	0.4 (1.0)	0.3 (1.0)	0.14 (0.00, 0.30)	0.3 (1.0)	0.5 (2.0)	0.20 (0.00, 0.41)	0.441	0.642
Supportive groups	0.1 (0.4)	0.2 (0.9)	0.10 (0.01, 0.18)*	0.1 (0.7)	0.2 (0.9)	0.06 (−0.06, 0,18)	0.476	0.588
Relaxation	0.5 (1.3)	0.6 (1.7)	0.09 (−0.06, 0.25)	0.5 (1.5)	0.7 (2.3)	0.13 (−0.09, 0.34)	0.639	0.792
Number of medical visits^c
Primary care	11.9 (13.9)	2.4 (3.7)	−9.0 (−9.5, −8.5)***	10.4 (12.8)	2.7 (5.5)	−8.3 (−9.0, −7.6)***	0.015	0.100
Emergency department	4.6 (8.0)	0.7 (7.6)	−3.9 (−4.6, −3.2)***	3.7 (6.9)	0.3 (0.8)	−3.8 (−4.8, −2.7)***	0.078	0.833
Psychologist	3.0 (7.2)	1.8 (4.6)	−1.0 (−1.5, −0.5)***	2.8 (9.4)	2.4 (5.2)	−0.9 (−1.6, −0.2)**	0.048	0.860
Psychiatrist	5.9 (6.4)	3.9 (3.7)	−1.3 (−1.7, −1.0)***	3.9 (5.1)	3.0 (2.7)	−1.9 (−2.4, −1.3)***	<0.001	0.113
Total medical visits	25.4 (22.0)	8.7 (11.2)	−15.2 (−16.3, −14.0)***	20.7 (20.1)	7.6 (8.4)	−14.9 (−16.6, −13.2)***	0.001	0.754
Number of hospitalizations	0.2 (0.9)	0.0 (0.1)	−0.10 (−0.11, −0.09)***	0.1 (0.6)	0.0 (0.1)	−0.09 (−0.10, −0.08)***	0.134	0.501
Costs (euros year 2009):
Total costs	2,177 (1,839)	1,565 (1,555)	−478 (−619, −338)***	1,724 (2,059)	1,406 (1,611)	−446 (−635, −257)***	<0.001	0.777
Drugs	254 (304)	534 (281)	296 (272, 319)***	204 (256)	241 (228)	27 (−5, 58)	0.001	<0.001
Non-pharmacological treatment	202 (359)	274 (577)	86 (23, 148)**	191 (379)	282 (748)	88 (3, 172)*	0.115	0.969
Medical visits	1,210 (1,253)	474 (1,002)	−660 (−753, −567)***	936 (1,136)	580 (893)	−471 (−596, −345)***	<0.001	0.013
Hospitalization	40 (254)	2 (21)	−28 (−35, −21)***	14 (149)	9 (109)	−17 (−26, −8)**	0.134	0.056

Values are expressed as mean (SD, standard deviation) or 95% confidence intervals (CI) unless otherwise stated.
^aComparison of the change from baseline between the two groups adjusted by baseline values and sex and age.
^bNumber of sessions per month.
^cIn a 6-month period.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. baseline values.

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