Adjuvant low-frequency rTMS in treating auditory hallucinations in recent-onset schizophrenia: a randomized controlled study investigating the effect of high-frequency priming stimulation

Ray, Prasenjit; Sinha, Vinod Kumar; Tikka, Sai Krishna

doi:10.1186/s12991-015-0046-2

Annals of General Psychiatry

Table 2 **Main effects of time, group, and time*group interaction within and between the two groups on various outcome scales**

From: Adjuvant low-frequency rTMS in treating auditory hallucinations in recent-onset schizophrenia: a randomized controlled study investigating the effect of high-frequency priming stimulation

Variables		Active group (mean ± SD)	Sham group (mean ± SD)	Effect	Huynh Feldt F	p	Partial eta squared	Observed power
AHRS
Frequency	Baseline	3.50 ± 0.89	2.80 ± 0.90	Time	112.71	<0.001	0.75	1.00
	1 week	2.35 ± 0.81	1.95 ± 1.10	Group	1.03	0.32	0.03	0.17
	2 weeks	1.05 ± 1.10	1.00 ± 1.10	Group*time	2.04	0.09	0.05	0.60
	4 weeks	0.75 ± 0.97	0.70 ± 0.86
	6 weeks	0.80 ± 1.20	0.70 ± 0.92
Duration	Baseline	2.75 ± 0.85	2.35 ± 0.75	Time	116.02	<0.001	0.75	1.00
	1 week	1.80 ± 0.83	1.45 ± 0.69	Group	1.22	0.28	0.03	0.19
	2 weeks	0.80 ± 0.77	0.70 ± 0.66	Group*time	0.89	0.44	0.02	0.28
	4 weeks	0.65 ± 0.88	0.60 ± 0.75
	6 weeks	0.60 ± 0.99	0.40 ± 0.50
Location	Baseline	4.00 ± 0.00	3.85 ± 0.73	Time	40.08	<0.001	0.51	1.00
	1 week	3.70 ± 0.73	3.45 ± 0.94	Group	0.41	0.50	0.01	0.10
	2 weeks	2.30 ± 1.95	2.20 ± 1.88	Group*time	0.10	0.93	0.003	0.07
	4 weeks	1.80 ± 2.04	1.45 ± 1.70
	6 weeks	1.60 ± 2.01	1.25 ± 1.65
Loudness	Baseline	2.60 ± 0.68	2.15 ± 0.75	Time	111.28	<0.001	0.75	1.00
	1 week	1.70 ± 0.66	1.35 ± 0.67	Group	0.55	0.46	0.01	0.14
	2 weeks	0.75 ± 0.72	0.85 ± 0.88	Group*time	2.72	0.03	0.07	0.74
	4 weeks	0.55 ± 0.69	0.60 ± 0.75
	6 weeks	0.45 ± 0.60	0.45 ± 0.60
Origin of voices	Baseline	4.00 ± 0.00	4.00 ± 0.00	Time	40.59	<0.001	0.60	1.00
	1 week	4.00 ± 0.00	3.75 ± 0.91	Group	0.01	0.91	0.00	0.05
	2 weeks	2.30 ± 1.95	2.20 ± 1.94	Group*time	0.15	0.88	0.004	0.07
	4 weeks	1.65 ± 1.93	1.80 ± 2.04
	6 weeks	1.45 ± 1.88	1.45 ± 1.88
Amount of negative content	Baseline	2.75 ± 0.77	2.50 ± 0.76	Time	58.77	<0.001	0.61	1.00
	1 week	2.25 ± 0.85	2.10 ± 0.91	Group	0.45	0.51	0.01	0.10
	2 weeks	1.30 ± 1.26	1.05 ± 1.15	Group*time	0.15	0.92	0.004	0.08
	4 weeks	0.95 ± 1.23	0.90 ± 1.21
	6 weeks	0.80 ± 1.20	0.60 ± 0.99
Degree of negative content	Baseline	2.65 ± 1.14	2.30 ± 1.03	Time	36.28	<0.001	0.49	1.00
	1 week	2.15 ± 1.04	1.65 ± 1.04	Group	0.80	0.38	0.02	0.14
	2 weeks	1.15 ± 1.31	1.10 ± 1.25	Group*time	0.47	0.68	0.01	0.14
	4 weeks	1.05 ± 1.47	0.80 ± 1.11
	6 weeks	0.80 ± 1.32	0.60 ± 0.99
Amount of distress	Baseline	2.95 ± 0.83	2.55 ± 0.76	Time	78.57	<0.001	0.67	1.00
	1 week	2.15 ± 0.99	1.75 ± 0.97	Group	0.73	0.40	0.02	0.13
	2 weeks	1.10 ± 1.25	1.00 ± 0.97	Group*time	0.72	0.55	0.02	0.20
	4 weeks	0.80 ± 1.11	0.70 ± 0.92
	6 weeks	0.60 ± 0.99	0.55 ± 0.83
Intensity of distress	Baseline	2.45 ± 0.95	2.20 ± 0.89	Time	78.35	<0.001	0.67	1.00
	1 week	1.75 ± 0.72	1.40 ± 0.82	Group	0.80	0.38	0.02	0.14
	2 weeks	0.85 ± 0.88	0.75 ± 0.71	Group*time	0.47	0.66	0.01	0.13
	4 weeks	0.70 ± 0.92	0.55 ± 0.69
	6 weeks	0.50 ± 0.83	0.45 ± 0.60
Disruption	Baseline	3.40 ± 0.88	0.88 ± 0.56	Time	120.81	<0.001	0.76	1.00
	1 week	2.55 ± 0.94	2.05 ± 0.76	Group	0.64	0.43	0.02	0.12
	2 weeks	1.20 ± 1.20	1.20 ± 1.15	Group*time	1.42	0.24	0.04	0.37
	4 weeks	0.90 ± 1.12	0.80 ± 1.05
	6 weeks	0.65 ± 0.93	0.65 ± 0.93
Control	Baseline	3.95 ± 0.22	4.00 ± 0.00	Time	33.72	<0.001	0.47	1.00
	1 week	3.95 ± 0.22	3.75 ± 0.91	Group	0.01	0.91	0.00	0.05
	2 weeks	2.40 ± 2.01	2.40 ± 2.01	Group*time	0.06	0.95	0.002	0.06
	4 weeks	1.80 ± 2.04	1.75 ± 2.00
	6 weeks	1.60 ± 2.01	1.60 ± 2.01
Total	Baseline	35.00 ± 5.34	31.70 ± 5.31	Time	103.85	<0.001	0.73	1.00
	1 week	28.35 ± 5.28	24.65 ± 7.81	Group	0.54	0.47	0.01	0.11
	2 weeks	15.20 ± 13.22	14.45 ± 12.73	Group*time	0.48	0.67	0.01	0.13
	4 weeks	11.60 ± 13.53	10.65 ± 12.30
	6 weeks	8.25 ± 9.70	7.45 ± 9.69
CGI
Severity	Baseline	5.25 ± 0.97	5.15 ± 0.93	Time	236.40	<0.001	0.86	1.00
	1 week	4.00 ± 0.86	4.00 ± 0.86	Group	0.49	0.49	0.01	0.11
	2 weeks	2.75 ± 0.79	2.95 ± 0.69	Group*time	1.71	0.16	0.04	0.45
	4 weeks	2.25 ± 1.02	2.60 ± 0.99
	6 weeks	1.90 ± 1.02	2.30 ± 0.80
Improvement	Baseline	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	Time	202.87	<0.001	0.84	1.00
	1 week	2.60 ± 0.68	2.80 ± 0.52	Group	0.69	0.41	0.02	0.13
	2 weeks	1.90 ± 0.79	1.85 ± 0.59	Group*time	0.96	0.43	0.03	0.30
	4 weeks	1.65 ± 0.75	1.85 ± 0.67
	6 weeks	1.35 ± 0.75	1.60 ± 0.60
Efficacy	Baseline	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	Time	127.29	<0.001	0.77	1.00
	1 week	7.60 ± 1.96	8.15 ± 1.90	Group	0.63	0.43	0.02	0.12
	2 weeks	5.25 ± 2.53	5.20 ± 2.07	Group*time	0.62	0.62	0.02	0.18
	4 weeks	3.30 ± 2.43	4.20 ± 3.46
	6 weeks	2.30 ± 2.25	2.90 ± 2.45
PANSS
PANSS-PS	Baseline	26.65 ± 5.72	28.20 ± 13.52	Time	157.25	<0.001	0.81	1.00
	1 week	19.25 ± 4.40	20.70 ± 7.81	Group	1.36	0.26	0.03	0.29
	2 weeks	13.85 ± 4.52	16.45 ± 6.91	Group*time	1.23	0.27	0.03	0.19
	4 weeks	11.45 ± 4.06	15.70 ± 12.43
	6 weeks	10.55 ± 4.19	13.60 ± 8.11
PANSS-NS	Baseline	23.15 ± 4.64	23.45 ± 5.03	Time	200.78	<0.001	0.84	1.00
	1 week	17.15 ± 4.59	18.60 ± 5.99	Group	0.79	0.47	0.02	0.20
	2 weeks	13.70 ± 4.88	15.55 ± 4.54	Group*time	0.74	0.40	0.02	0.13
	4 weeks	12.20 ± 4.23	13.40 ± 4.31
	6 weeks	11.50 ± 3.52	12.45 ± 4.02
PANSS-GP	Baseline	41.75 ± 7.92	39.25 ± 4.79	Time	232.36	<0.001	0.86	1.00
	1 week	31.95 ± 5.61	31.00 ± 3.73	Group	2.41	0.09	0.03	0.48
	2 weeks	25.70 ± 4.96	25.85 ± 2.96	Group*time	0.04	0.84	0.001	0.05
	4 weeks	22.95 ± 4.91	24.45 ± 4.58
	6 weeks	21.75 ± 4.70	22.25 ± 4.19
PANSS-total	Baseline	91.55 ± 14.71	87.75 ± 9.83	Time	327.66	<0.001	0.90	1.00
	1 week	68.70 ± 10.98	68.90 ± 9.98	Group	1.86	0.16	0.05	0.35
	2 weeks	53.25 ± 12.49	54.65 ± 9.07	Group*time	0.05	0.83	0.001	0.06
	4 weeks	46.60 ± 11.65	50.00 ± 11.79
	6 weeks	43.95 ± 11.19	46.15 ± 11.54

Values in italics indicate statistical significance.

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