Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample
From: Prevalence and risk factors for depression in women with multiple sclerosis: a study from Iran
With depression (n = 91) | Without depression (n = 125) | OR (95 % CI)a | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. (%) | |||
Age (years) | ||||
≤35 | 45 (49.5) | 72 (53.3) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
>35 | 46 (50.5) | 63 (46.7) | 1.16 (0.68–1.98) | 0.567 |
Education | ||||
Higher | 21 (23.1) | 48 (35.6) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Primary/secondary | 70 (76.9) | 87 (64.4) | 1.83 (1.00-3.35) | 0.046 |
Employment status | ||||
Employed | 5 (5.5) | 103 (76.3) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
House wife | 86 (94.5) | 32 (23.7) | 5.34 (1.99–14.31) | <0.001 |
Age at onset of disease (mean/SD) | 28.75 (7.71) | 30.02 (7.60) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.225 |
Disease duration (years) | ||||
0–8 | 62 (68.1) | 107 (79.3) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
≥ 9 | 29 (31.9) | 28 (20.7) | 1.78 (0.97-3.27) | 0.050 |
Disease course | ||||
RRMS | 66 (72.5) | 103 (76.3) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
PPMS and SPMS | 25 (27.5) | 32 (23.7) | 0.82 (0.44–1.50) | 0.522 |
EDSS score | ||||
0–4.5 | 52 (57.1) | 113 (83.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
5–8 | 39 (42.9) | 22 (16.2) | 3.85 (2.07–7.14) | < 0.001 |
Received treatment for depression | ||||
Yes | 7 (7.7) | 15b (11.1) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
No | 84 (92.3) | 120 (88.9) | 0.66 (0.26–1.70) | 0.398 |