Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparison of mean scores of cognitive assessments between depressed bipolar patients and controls

From: Outcome of cognitive performances in bipolar euthymic patients after a depressive episode: a longitudinal naturalistic study

Cognitive function

Group

Mean scores

Std. dev

Std. dev error

F

Sig.

t

Mean difference

p value

Memory

 Verbal memory (list learning test)

Patients

6.2381

2.31958

0.29224

0.077

0.0782

−4.214

−2.0119

0.000

Control

8.2500

2.42709

0.38376

 Working memory (digit Sequencing test)

Patients

15.75

5.995

0.755

0.258

0.612

−1.919

−2.354

0.058

Control

18.10

6.184

0.978

Attention and processing speed

 Trail making test A

Patients

57.70

24.878

3.134

3.495

0.064

2.467

10.598

0.15

Control

47.10

13.608

2.152

 Symbol coding

Patients

35.22

15.419

1.943

0.478

0.491

−2.575

−7.553

0.11

Control

42.78

12.927

2.044

Verbal fluency

 Category instances test

Patients

14.67

5.385

0.678

2.474

0.119

−2.259

−2.708

0.026

Control

17.38

6.709

1.061

 Controlled oral word association test

Patients

12.92

5.589

0.674

5.152

0.025

−3.568

−4.529

0.001

Control

17.45

7.243

1.126

Motor speed (token motor test)

Patients

75.59

13.272

1.672

3.002

0.086

−2.798

−7.013

0.006

Control

82.60

10.862

1.717

Executive functions

 Tower of London

Patients

10.84

5.976

0.753

0.569

0.425

−3.123

−3.759

0.002

Control

14.60

5.472

0.865

 Trail making test B

Patients

115.02

53.643

6.758

16.174

0.000

4.974

37.066

0.000

Control

77.95

19.845

3.138

 WCST-total correct

Patients

75.33

8.910

1.123

0.154

0.695

1.338

21.102

0.184

Control

72.97

8.402

1.328

 WCST-total errors

Patients

37.62

16.844

2.122

18.452

0.000

6.442

18.744

0.000

Control

18.88

9.235

1.460

 WCST-preservative errors

Patients

20.57

13.102

1.651

25.235

0.000

5.026

10.946

0.000

Control

9.63

5.256

0.831

 WCST-conceptual levels

Patients

65.41

6.707

0.845

0.029

0.865

−0.976

−1.287

0.332

Control

66.70

6.227

0.985

 WCST-categories completed

Patients

5.40

0.814

0.103

169.397

0.000

6.272

9.348

0.000

Control

6.00

0.000

0.000

  1. WCST Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Mean scores mean scores for each group, Std. dev standard deviation, Std. dev error standard deviation error, F F test, Sig significance, t t statistic, mean difference Difference between group means, p value probability