Table 3 Comparison of mean scores of bipolar patients between depression and euthymia
Cognitive function | Mean | Std. dev | 95 % CI | t | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||
Memory | ||||||
Verbal memory (list learning test) | −1.5619 | 0.88174 | −1.2569 | −0.81286 | −9.316 | 0.000 |
Working Memory (digit sequencing test) | −1.603 | 3.221 | −2.414 | −0.792 | −3.951 | 0.000 |
Attention and processing speed | ||||||
Trail making test A | 3.968 | 10.400 | 1.349 | 6.587 | 3.029 | 0.004 |
Symbol coding | −3.556 | 7.291 | −5.392 | −1.719 | −3.871 | 0.000 |
Verbal fluency | ||||||
Category instances test | −1.921 | 3.916 | −2.097 | −0.934 | −3.893 | 0.000 |
Controlled oral word association test | −1.095 | 4.169 | −2.145 | −0.045 | −2.085 | 0.041 |
Motor speed (token motor test) | −1.333 | 8.016 | −3.352 | 0.685 | −1.320 | 0.192 |
Executive functions | ||||||
Tower of London | −1.254 | 3.742 | −2.196 | −0.312 | −2.660 | 0.010 |
Trial making test B | 9.540 | 19.384 | 4.658 | 14.421 | 3.906 | 0.000 |
WCST-total correct | −0.825 | 5.695 | −2.260 | 0.609 | −1.150 | 0.254 |
WCST-total errors | 7.794 | 4.307 | 6.709 | 8.878 | 14.361 | 0.000 |
WCST-preservative errors | 5.365 | 4.800 | 4.156 | 6.574 | 8.871 | 0.000 |
WCST-conceptual levels | −1.571 | 6.400 | −3.183 | 0.040 | −1.949 | 0.056 |
WCST-categories completed | −0.349 | 0.513 | −0.478 | −0.220 | −5.403 | 0.000 |