The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence

Table 4 Intraclass correlations (ICC) according to zygosity and estimates of genetic and environmental effects for the five lower order sub-scales that compose the self-directedness scale of the Temperament and Character Inventory [95 % confidence interval]

	MZ	DZ	A	C	E
	(n = 423 pairs)	(n = 408 pairs)	Additive genetics	Common environment	Unique environment
Self-directedness	0.52	0.36	.29	.22	.49
Self-directedness	[.44, .58]	[.27, .44]	[.09, .50]	[.04, .38]	[.43, .56]
(SD1) responsibility vs. blaming	0.45	0.21	0.42	0.01	0.57
(SD1) responsibility vs. blaming	[.37, .52]	[.12, .31]	[.19, .50]	[.00, .21]	[.50, .64]
(SD2) purposefulness vs. lack of goal direction	0.30	0.22	0.16	0.14	0.70
(SD2) purposefulness vs. lack of goal direction	[.21, .38]	[.12, .31]	[.00, .38]	[.00, .31]	[.62, .79]
(SD3) resourcefulness vs. inertia	0.40	0.23	0.32	0.07	0.61
(SD3) resourcefulness vs. inertia	[.32, .48]	[.13, .32]	[.08, .46]	[.00, .27]	[.54, .69]
(SD4) self-acceptance vs. self-striving	0.48	0.21	0.47	0.00	0.53
(SD4) self-acceptance vs. self-striving	[.41, .55]	[.11, .30]	[.30, .53]	[.00, .14]	[.47, .60]
(SD5) self-actualizing vs. bad habits	0.33	0.29	0.11	0.23	0.66
(SD5) self-actualizing vs. bad habits	[.23, .41]	[.20, .38]	[.00, .35]	[.03, .36]	[.58, .75]

ISSN: 1744-859X