Pharmacotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy enhance follow-up treatment duration in gambling disorder patients

Table 2 Clinical characteristics according to pharmacotherapy

	No-pharmacotherapy (n = 477)	Anticraving agent (n = 177)	Antidepressants (n = 104)	Statistical value	p
Sex (male %)	450 (94.5)	175 (98.9)	92 (91.1)	9.20^a	0.010
Age	40.40 ± 10.27	37.45 ± 8.04	39.58 ± 10.86	5.73^b	0.003**
Age of onset	30.74 ± 8.92	27.87 ± 6.19	29.00 ± 8.56	8.10^b	<0.001**
With partner (or married)	307 (63.1)	113 (64.8)	53 (51)	6.52^a	0.038
BDI	10.82 ± 10.66	15.00 ± 10.23	20.67 ± 11.81	6.94^b	0.002**
BAI	16.75 ± 9.68	20.09 ± 9.24	26.60 ± 10.00	9.72^b	<0.001**
GSAS	12.88 ± 9.59	20.07 ± 11.83	16.88 ± 10.77	3.01^b	0.056
Group CBT	68 (14.3)	39 (22)	14 (13.6)	6.23^a	0.044
Participation in GA	106 (25.4)	54 (34.4)	26 (27.4)	4.59^a	0.101
Follow-up duration (months)	5.53 ± 12.37	10.37 ± 14.61	17.56 ± 26.99	27.19	<0.001**

BDI Beck Depression Inventory, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, GSAS Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale, CBT cognitive behavioral therapy, GA gamblers anonymous
^aPearson’s Chi-square test: Data are shown as the number of patients (%), statistical value = Pearson’s Chi square
^bOne-way analysis of variance (ANOVA): data are shown as mean ± standard deviation, statistical value = F
** p < 0.01

ISSN: 1744-859X