Parameter | Overall (N = 270) | Depression symptoms | OR (95% CI) | Chi square (P value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 128) | Yes (n = 142) | ||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 145 (53.7) | 70 (54.7) | 77 (54.2) | Ref. | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.01; P = 0.939) |
Female | 125 (46.3) | 58 (45.3) | 65 (45.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | |
Age | |||||
10–14 | 125 (46.3) | 75 (58.6) | 50 (35.2) | Ref. | (χ2 (1, 270) = 14.80; P = 0.001) |
15–19 | 145 (53.7) | 53 (41.4) | 92 (64.8) | 2.60 (1.6–4.3) | |
School environment | |||||
Happy with school performance | 193 (71.5) | 92 (71.9) | 101 (71.1) | 0.96 (0.6–1.6) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.02; P = 0.9) |
Plan to continue with education | 260 (96.3) | 122 (95.3) | 138 (97.2) | 1.70 (0.5–6.2) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.66; P = 0.4) |
Been bullied in school | 50 (18.5) | 21 (16.4) | 29 (20.4) | 1.31 (0.7–2.4) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.72; P = 0.4) |
School performance dropping | 49 (18.1) | 20 (15.6) | 29 (20.4) | 1.39 (0.7–2.6) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 1.04; P = 0.3) |
Changed schools in the past 2 years | 85 (31.5) | 33 (25.8) | 52 (36.6) | 1.66 (1.0–2.8) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 3.67; P = 0.05) |
Ever repeated a class | 91 (33.7) | 34 (26.6) | 57 (40.1) | 1.85 (1.1–3.1) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 5.56; P = 0.02) |
Ever sent away from school due to lack of fees | 119 (44.1) | 45 (37.8) | 74 (62.2) | 2.01 (1.2–3.3) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 7.85; P = 0.005) |
Activity | |||||
Has extracurricular activities | 190 (70.4) | 90 (70.3) | 100 (70.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.00; P = 0.9) |
Attend religious activities | 251 (93.0) | 120 (93.8) | 131 (92.3) | 1.26 (0.5–3.2) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.23; P = 0.6) |
Home environment | |||||
Changed homes in the last 1 year | 59 (21.9) | 28 (21.9) | 31 (21.8) | 1.00 (0.6–1.8) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.00; P = 0.99) |
Ever ran away from home | 18 (6.7) | 4 (3.1) | 14 (9.9) | 3.39 (1.1–10.6) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 4.91; P = 0.03) |
Physical violence at home | 11 (4.1) | 5 (3.9) | 6 (4.2) | 1.09 (0.3–3.7) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 0.02; P = 0.895) |
Involuntarily misses meals because of lack of food | 34 (12.6) | 9 (7.0) | 25 (17.6) | 2.83 (1.3–6.3) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 6.84; P = 0.009) |
Drug and substance use | |||||
Family members or friends who use drugs | 96 (35.6) | 41 (32.0) | 55 (38.7) | 0.75 (0.5–1.2) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 1.32; P = 0.3) |
Use drugs/substance abuse | 23 (8.5) | 5 (3.9) | 18 (12.7) | 3.57 (1.3–10.0) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 6.64; P = 0.01) |
Sexuality | |||||
Agree that condoms reduces HIV transmission | 126 (46.7) | 52 (40.6) | 74 (52.1) | 1.59 (1.0–2.6) | (χ2 (2, 270) = 3.83; P = 0.1) |
Ever had sex (N = 228) | 31 (13.6) | 12 (12.4) | 19 (14.5) | 1.20 (0.6–2.6) | (χ2 (1, 228) = 0.22; P = 0.6) |
Inconsistently using condoms (N = 29) | 20 (69.0) | 8 (66.7) | 12 (70.6) | 1.20 (0.2–5.9) | (χ2 (1, 29) = 0.05; P = 0.8) |
HIV Disclosure | |||||
Full HIV disclosure | 174 (64.4) | 78 (60.9) | 96 (67.6) | 1.34 (0.8–2.2) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 1.31; P = 0.3) |
Adherence to medication | |||||
Non-perfect adherence to medication | 139 (51.5) | 50 (39.1) | 89 (62.7) | 2.62 (1.6–4.3) | (χ2 (1, 270) = 15.02; P < 0.001) |
Perfect adherence to mediation | 131 (48.5) | 78 (60.9) | 53 (37.3) | Ref. |