Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Psychotic (delusional) depression and completed suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors | Study type | Study source/country | Age PMD/non-PMD | Sample: PMD/non-PMD | Suicide victims PMD/non-PMD | Strengths | Limitations | Suicides in PMD vs. non-PMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black et al. [14] | Clinical, 0–14-year prospective/retrospective | Initially inpatients, Iowa, USA | No data | 183/824 | 6/28 | Adequate initial assessment of psychosis | Lack of data on: diagnosis at the time of death, depression severity, comorbidity, mood congruence, suicide method | No difference |
Coryell and Tsuang [16] | Clinical, 40-year, prospective/retrospective | Initially inpatients Iowa, USA | 43.8/43.9 | 122/103 | 8/7 | Adequate initial assessment of psychosis | Lack of data on: diagnosis at the time of death, depression severity, comorbidity, mood congruence, suicide method | No difference |
Leadholm et al. [17] | Population-based, nation-wide (in Denmark), prospective/retrospective 17-year follow-up | Patients treated at hospital-based settings Denmark | No specific data (age at diagnosis of severe depression all samples 51.2 (SD 18.9) | 12,150/26,106 | 280/551 | Large study comprising all patients discharged from hospital-based settings during 17 years in Denmark, data on comorbidity, mood congruence, and severity | ICD-10 criteria, lack of psychiatric diagnosis at the time of death and on suicide method | No difference |
Maj et al. [19] | Clinical, 10-year follow-up | Patients initially treated at hospital-based setting Naples, Italy | 45.2/44.5 | 89/363 | 2/2 | DSM-IV criteria, assessment both initial at the follow-up period, assessment of severity, mood congruence, and comorbidity | Very small numbers of victims, lack of data on suicide method | Data inconclusive |
Robinson and Spiker [62] | Clinical, 1-year follow-up | Initially inpatients, New York, USA | 45.6/45.8 | 52/52 Matched | 1/0 | Adequate assessment of psychosis | Very small number of victims, no data on severity, comorbidity, mood congruence, suicide method | Data inconclusive |
Roose et al. [11] | Clinical, cross-sectional, retrospective | inpatients New York, USA | No data | 19/23 | 10/4 | Diagnosis of PMD both initial and at the time of suicide, depression severity | Lack of data on mood congruence, comorbidity, method | PMD ↑ suicides |
Schneider et al. [64] | Clinical, 5-year follow-up | Initially inpatients, Frankfurt Germany | No specific data, mean of the sample 39.8 (SD 16.8) range 11–74 | 60/218 | 3/13 | DSM-III-R criteria and data on severity, psychiatric comorbidity, and mood congruence | Lack of psychiatric diagnosis at the time of death, no data on suicide method, small number of victims | No difference |
Suominen et al. [12] | Clinical, prospective/retrospective, 4-year follow-up | Initially inpatients with suicidal attempt, Helsinki, Finland | No specific data (mean of the sample 41.7 SD 15.4) Range ≥ 16 years old | 110/477 | 19/40 | Assessment of depression severity | ICD-10 criteria, lack of psychiatric diagnosis at the time of death. No data on comorbidity, mood congruence and suicidal method | PMD ↑ suicides |
Wolfersdorf et al. [63] | Clinical, cross-sectional, retrospective | inpatients, Ulm, Germany | No data | 46/46 | 4/2 | Initial assessment of psychosis and assessment at the time of suicide | Lack of suicide definition, and data on comorbidity | Data inconclusive |