Table 1 Characteristic of study participants according to quartiles of total vegetables and fruits intake
| Â | Quartiles of total vegetables and fruits intake | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (n = 100) | 2 (n = 100) | 3 (n = 100) | 4 (n = 100) | p-trenda | |
g/day (median) | 233.9 | 332.1 | 378.3 | 451.6 | Â |
Age (years) | 33.3 ± 7 | 34.0 ± 7.7 | 34.2 ± 7.5 | 34.1 ± 7.1 | 0.4 |
Education (years) | 12.1 ± 3.4 | 12.8 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 3.1 | 12.4 ± 3.8 | 0.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3 | 26.2 ± 3.36 | 26.3 ± 2.6 | 25.5 ± 3 | 0.7 |
Physical activity (MET/h/week) | 487.4 ± 275.6 | 473.1 ± 292.5 | 546.7 ± 247.9 | 500.7 ± 340.5 | 0.3 |
Height (cm) | 161.6 ± 4.7 | 161.5 ± 4.7 | 161.8 ± 4.1 | 161.9 ± 4.7 | 0.5 |
Weight (kg) | 66.8 ± 7.9 | 67.9 ± 9.6 | 68.8 ± 7.3 | 66.4 ± 7.7 | 0.9 |
Family size (n) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 0.7 |
Dietary supplement use (%) | 45 (45%) | 49 (49%) | 47 (47%) | 53 (53%) | 0.5b |
Energy intake (kcal) | 1579.6 ± 288.5c | 1614.5 ± 266 | 1629.4 ± 289.6 | 1752.1 ± 355.6 | < 0.001 |
Protein intake (g) | 56 ± 9.5c | 58.7 ± 10.1 | 59.5 ± 9.7 | 64.8 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate intake (g) | 218.5 ± 47.1c | 237 ± 44.5 | 240.1 ± 48.6 | 261 ± 57.4 | < 0.001 |
Fat intake (g) | 52.8 ± 13.7c | 48 ± 11.3 | 48 ± 13.1 | 50.8 ± 15.2 | 0.003d |
Energy of protein (%) | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 14.6 ± 1.4 | 14.6 ± 1.3 | 14.8 ± 1.4 | 0.001 |
Energy of carbohydrate (%) | 55.6 ± 5.3 | 58.9 ± 4.3 | 59.2 ± 5.2 | 59.7 ± 4.4 | < 0.001d |
Energy of fat (%) | 30.6 ± 5.7 | 27.1 ± 4.6 | 27 ± 5.2 | 26.4 ± 4.5 | < 0.001d |
Total fiber intake (g) | 38.9 ± 18.2c | 42.8 ± 14.4 | 40.5 ± 16.8 | 46.8 ± 18.7 | < 0.001d |
Healthy eating index score | 46.6 ± 5.3e | 47 ± 4.8 | 48.3 ± 6.1 | 50.4 ± 7.6 | < 0.001d |