Effect of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on reduction of depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive pregnant women: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Opiyo, Rose Okoyo; Nyasulu, Peter Suwirakwenda; Koigi, Reuben Kamau; Obondo, Anne; Ogoyi, Dorington; Kogi-Makau, Wambui

doi:10.1186/s12991-018-0220-4

Annals of General Psychiatry

Table 4 ANCOVA analysis of mean change in BDI-II scores by baseline characteristics and intervention duration

From: Effect of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on reduction of depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive pregnant women: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Baseline characteristics	Duration of intervention
	Week 4		Week 8
	Regression coefficient (95% CI)	p value	Regression coefficient (95% CI)	p value
Intervention group	0.40 (− 1.25 to 2.05)	0.63	1.00 (− 0.58 to 2.60)	0.21
Baseline BDI-II scores	− 0.79 (− 0.94 to − 0.64)	0.00*	− 0.87 (− 1.02 to − 0.73)	0.00*
Age (single years)	0.02 (− 0.16 to 0.21)	0.82	0.11 (− 0.06 to 0.28)	0.21
Gestational age (months)	0.03 (− 0.21 to 0.26)	0.83	0.04 (− 0.17 to 0.25)	0.69
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)	0.01 (− 0.00 to 0.01)	0.12	− 0.001 (− 0.01 to 0.01)	0.62
Employment	− 0.85 (− 2.79 to 1.09)	0.39	− 58 (− 2.19 to 1.05)	0.47
Knew HIV status when pregnant	− 1.54 (− 3.33 to 0.26)	0.09	− 0.83 (− 2.71 to 1.02)	0.37
HIV status disclosure	− 1.16 (− 3.09 to 0.76)	0.24	− 0.49 (− 2.22 to 1.22)	0.57
Marital status	1.03 (− 1.02 to 3.08)	0.32	0.84 (− 0.98 to 2.66)	0.36
Education level	− 0.51 (− -2.37 to 1.35)	0.59	− 0.40 (− 2.09 to 1.29)	0.64
Parity	− 0.99 (− 2.06 to 1.86)	0.92	− 1.92 (− 4.10 to 0.26)	0.08
Stressful life event	− 0.19 (− 1.99 to 1.62)	0.84	1.01 (− 0.48 to 2.59)	0.18
PMTCT m2 m meetings	2.04 (0.37 to 3.70)	0.02*	1.09 (− 0.44 to 2.65)	0.16
MUAC (cm)	0.03 (− 0.34 to 0.39)	0.87	− 0.38 (− 0.35 to 0.27)	0.81
Dietary omega-3	− 2.98 (− 5.32 to − 0.64)	0.01*	− 0.32 (− 2.25 to 1.97)	0.89
Dietary vitamin C	− 0.85 (− 2.70 to 0.99)	0.36	0.94 (− 0.97 to 2.85)	0.33
Dietary vitamin B1	− 3.26 (− 5.21 to − 1.31)	0.001*	− 1.41 (− 3.65 to 0.83)	0.22
Dietary vitamin B6	2.27 (− 0.37 to 4.91)	0.09	2.24 (− 0.04 to 4.51)	0.05*
Dietary vitamin B12	0.07 (− 2.42 to 2.57)	0.95	− 0.63 (− 2.80 to 1.56)	0.57
Dietary folate	0.62 (− 2.02 to 3.27)	0.64	1.44 (− 1.29 to 4.18)	0.30
Dietary vitamin E	− 0.59 (− 3.27 to 2.09)	0.66	− 1.29 (− 3.19 to 0.62)	0.18
Dietary zinc	8.67 (− 4.49 to 21.8)	0.19	5.39 (0.64 to 10.14)	0.03*
Dietary selenium	1.23 (− 1.20 to 3.66)	0.32	1.84 (− 0.25 to 3.94)	0.08
Dietary calcium	1.23 (− 0.72 to 3.27)	0.21	− 1.64 (− 3.60 to 032)	0.10

^*Baseline variables that were significantly associated with the change in BDI-II depressive symptom scores at week 4 and week 8

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