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Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the addiction and normal group

From: The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity in South Korean adolescents

Variables

Total (n = 4512)

Addiction group (n = 338)

Normal group (n = 4174)

χ 2

OR

95% CI

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Sex

22.108***

1.75

1.38–2.21

 Male

2034 (45.1)

111 (32.8)

1923 (46.1)

   

 Female

2478 (54.9)

227 (67.2)

2251 (53.9)

   

SES

3.912

  

 High

1219 (27.0)

83 (24.6)

1136 (27.2)

   

 Middle

2551 (56.5)

187 (55.3)

2364 (56.6)

   

 Low

742 (16.5)

68 (20.1)

674 (16.1)

   

Family structure

0.685

  

 Both parents

3939 (87.3)

292 (86.4)

3647 (87.4)

   

 Single parent

491 (10.9)

38 (11.2)

453 (10.9)

   

 Other

82 (1.8)

8 (2.4)

74 (1.8)

   

Depression

153.003***

4.15

3.26–5.28

 Yes

622 (13.8)

122 (36.1)

500 (12.0)

   

 No

3890 (86.2)

216 (63.9)

3674 (88.0)

   

Anxiety

157.998***

4.41

3.43–5.64

 Yes

528 (11.7)

111 (32.8)

417 (10.0)

   

 No

3984 (88.3)

227 (67.2)

3757 (90.0)

   

ADHD

335.269***

10.14

7.54–13.63

 Yes

228 (5.1)

88 (26.0)

140 (3.4)

   

 No

4284 (94.9)

250 (74.0)

4034 (96.6)

   

Smoking

16.12***

2.06

1.44–2.96

 Yes

279 (6.2)

38 (11.2)

241 (5.8)

   

 No

4233 (93.8)

300 (88.8)

3933 (94.2)

   

Alcohol

11.354**

1.62

1.22–2.16

 Yes

598 (13.3)

65 (19.2)

533 (12.8)

   

 No

3914 (86.7)

273 (80.8)

3641 (87.2)

   
  1. SES socio-economic status, ADHD Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001