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Table 2 Characteristics of the two study sub-cohorts classified according to baseline psychological well-being and life satisfaction

From: Positive psychological well-being predicts lower severe pain in the general population: a 2-year follow-up study of the SwePain cohort

Characteristics, n (%), unless otherwise stated

Psychological well-being at T0

Life satisfaction at T0

Severe distress (n = 526)

Moderate distress (n = 692)

Positive well-being (n = 4152)

Not satisfied (n = 1259)

Satisfied (n = 4377)

Study sub-cohort 1: Participants without chronic pain at T0 (CPG = 0; N1 = 5693)

 Age, mean (SD)

42.8 (17.5)

46.1 (18.7)

52.5 (17.8)

48.9 (18.9)

51.5 (17.9)

 Women

308 (58.6)

395 (57.1)

1968 (47.4)

622 (49.4)

2178 (49.8)

 Born abroad

43 (8.2)

63 (9.1)

235 (5.7)

111 (8.8)

249 (5.7)

 Married

193 (36.7)

305 (44.1)

2299 (55.4)

485 (38.5)

2467 (56.4)

 University

247 (47.9)

334 (49.0)

1810 (44.1)

493 (40.0)

2004 (46.3)

 Unemployment

188 (36.6)

251 (37.1)

1592 (38.9)

513 (41.6)

1632 (37.8)

 High household income (≥ median)

204 (38.8)

310 (44.8)

2286 (55.1)

550 (43.7)

2389 (54.6)

 Multimorbidity

162 (34.5)

121 (19.6)

609 (15.8)

310 (28.1)

623 (15.4)

 Sleep problems

272 (52.3)

255 (37.4)

748 (18.2)

485 (39.0)

837 (19.4)

Characteristics, n (%), unless otherwise stated

Psychological well-being at T0

Life satisfaction at T0

Severe distress (n = 923)

Moderate distress (n = 782)

Positive well-being (n = 1791)

Not Satisfied (n = 1422)

Satisfied (n = 2201)

Study sub-cohort 2: Participants with chronic pain at T0 (CPG > 0; N2 = 3668)

 Age, mean (SD)

49.9 (16.6)

53.7 (16.5)

57.1 (14.9)

54.8 (16.02)

54.5 (15.9)

 Women

640 (69.3)

482 (61.6)

1049 (58.6)

888 (62.4)

1360 (61.8)

 Born Abroad

111 (12.0)

76 (9.7)

87 (4.9)

151 (10.6)

129 (5.9)

 Married

408 (44.3)

421 (53.9)

1064 (59.4)

691 (48.7)

1282 (52.2)

 University

306 (33.6)

270 (34.7)

612 (34.3)

432 (30.7)

792 (36.3)

 Unemployment

386 (42.3)

305 (39.6)

717 (40.7)

667 (47.6)

807 (37.3)

 High household income (≥ median)

375 (40.6)

352 (45.0)

946 (52.8)

573 (40.3)

1154 (52.4)

 Multimorbidity

458 (57.0)

296 (43.4)

606 (37.3)

639 (52.2)

770 (38.7)

 Sleep problems

618 (67.5)

398 (51.9)

612 (34.5)

817 (58.3)

869 (39.9)

  1. SD standard deviation, T0 baseline, CPGs chronic pain grades, N = the total number of participants according to their pain status at baseline, n = the total number of participants by classification according to three nominal categories of the General Well-being Schedule and to two nominal categories of the life satisfaction