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Table 3 Hazard ratios of all-cause mortality in the TRD cohort vs. the non-TRD MDD cohort

From: All-cause mortality in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a cohort study in the US population

 

Event number/N

HR (95% CI)

p value

Overall

13,124/355,942

1.29 (1.22, 1.38)

< 0.0001

Year

 2008

3331/59,997

1.33 (1.19, 1.49)

< 0.0001

 2009

2684/49,834

1.25 (1.09, 1.44)

0.0015

 2010

2076/44,272

1.33 (1.14, 1.55)

0.0003

 2011

1534/44,567

1.20 (0.99, 1.45)

0.0644

 2012

1239/43,556

1.48 (1.20, 1.82)

0.0002

 2013

1058/41,992

1.49 (1.18, 1.87)

0.0008

 2014

775/40,490

1.47 (1.09, 1.98)

0.0105

 2015

427/31,234

2.28 (1.57, 3.31)

< 0.0001

Gender

 Women

6837/222,165

1.34 (1.23, 1.46)

< 0.0001

 Men

6287/133,777

1.25 (1.14, 1.37)

< 0.0001

Age group

 18–24

108/40,681

1.50 (0.84, 2.68)

0.1698

 25–34

232/68,137

2.35 (1.69, 3.26)

< 0.0001

 35–44

486/69,687

1.38 (1.04, 1.83)

0.0282

 45–54

1032/63,632

1.31 (1.07, 1.61)

0.0097

 55–64

1745/46,306

1.35 (1.15, 1.57)

0.0001

 65+

9521/67,499

1.24 (1.15, 1.34)

< 0.0001

Depression subtype

 Major depressive disorder (ICD 296.2, 296.3×)

4358/130,379

1.33 (1.20, 1.47)

< 0.0001

 Dysthymic disorder (ICD 300.4)

1007/43,115

1.40 (1.13, 1.74)

0.0024

 Adjustment disorders (ICD 309.0, 309.1, 309.28)

420/11,758

1.31 (0.90, 1.89)

0.1586

 Other depressive disorder (ICD 311)

7339/170,690

1.25 (1.15, 1.37)

< 0.0001

Other psychiatric comorbidities

 No

9880/223,979

1.29 (1.20, 1.39)

< 0.0001

 Yes

3244/131,963

1.32 (1.18, 1.49)

< 0.0001

Self-harm

 No

13,067/354,332

1.29 (1.22, 1.38)

< 0.0001

 Yes

57/1610

2.02 (1.00, 4.05)

0.0495

Substance use disorder

 No

12,519/345,360

1.30 (1.22, 1.38)

< 0.0001

 Yes

605/10,582

1.24 (0.95, 1.61)

0.1136

  1. Hazard ratios are presented overall and stratified on subgroups
  2. TRD treatment-resistant depression, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval