Neurocognitive impairment and evidence-based treatment options in Bipolar disorder

Table 2 Effect sizes concerning the various neurocognitive domains during different phases of BD as well as in high risk relatives (endophenotypes)

Domain	All phases	Acute mania	Acute bipolar depression	Euthymia	Endophenotypes
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Premorbid IQ	Normal				Normal
Current IQ	0.36–0.70	0.28–0.47		0.11–0.50	0.20
Psychomotor and mental speed	0.50–0.55			0.52–0.80	0.17–0.22
Attention	0.64	0.79–0.90	0.80	0.41–0.80	0.18–0.36
Memory
Working memory	0.60			0.54–1.02
Verbal memory
Immediate	0.43			0.73–0.82	0.33–0.42
Delayed	0.34	1.05	1.20	0.71–0.85	0.27–0.33
Verbal learning	0.91	1.43		0.66–0.90	0.28
Nonverbal memory
Immediate	0.26			0.73
Delayed	0.51			0.62–0.80	0.13
Episodic memory				0.62
Visuospatial function	0.65			0.22–0.57
Language/verbal fluency	0.63	0.51–0.59	0.93	0.34–0.90	0.27
Executive function	0.34–0.79	0.64–0.72	0.54–0.75	0.52–0.88	0.24–0.51
Social cognition
ToM	0.75–0.86
Emotion recognition	0.35
Emotion decision-making	Normal

The range of values reflects heterogeneity in study samples but also heterogeneity because of the different neuropsychological tools used

ISSN: 1744-859X