The association of intimate partner violence with postpartum depression in women during their first month period of giving delivery in health centers at Dessie town, 2019

Table 5 Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis result showing the associations between the factors and postpartum depression among women having postnatal care at health centers in Dessie town, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2019

Independent variables	Postpartum depression		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Independent variables	Yes	No	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Marital status
Married	60	223	Reference	Reference
Single	36	13	10.3 (5.14, 20.63)	4.9 (1.27, 16.74)**
Divorced/widowed/separated	6	40	0.56 (0.23, 1.37)	0.61 (0.31, 1.20)
Satisfaction with child’s gender
Dissatisfied	30	28	3.69 (2.07, 7.58)	3.10 (1.62, 6.69)**
Satisfied	72	248	Reference	Reference
IPV
No violence	41	247	Reference	Reference
Psychological	50	22	13.69 (7.51, 24.37)	6.5 (1.98, 15.85)**
Sexual and physical	11	7	9.46 (3.47, 25.89)	3.46 (2.34, 18.55)**
Depression during PX
Yes	53	34	7.69 (4.54, 13.06)	3.2 (2.81, 8.91)***
No	49	242	Reference	Reference
Unplanned pregnancy
Yes	53	71	3.56 (2.15, 8.16)	2.5 (1.76, 7.23)*
No	43	205	Reference	Reference
Maternal current substance use
Yes	37	50	2.57 (1.55, 4.27)	1.8 (1.16, 3.75)**
No	65	226	Reference	Reference
Social support
Poor	10	53	0.45 (0.22, 0.94)	0.58 (0.24, 1.44)
Good	92	223	Reference	Reference
Current alcoholism in husband
Yes	48	53	3.74 (2.29, 6.11)	2.2 (1.48, 5.34)**
No	54	223	Reference	Reference
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	57	216	Reference	Reference
Cesarean section	30	24	4.7 (2.57, 18.72)	2.5 (0.89, 16.25)
Instrumental	15	36	1.58 (0.81, 3.01)	(0.52, 2.45)

Reference: implies groups with the lowest risk for the postpartum depression in binary logistic regression
IPV intimate partner violence
*p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001, Hosmer and Lemeshow test (p-value = 0.68)