Table 2 Associations between PHQ-9 scores and study variables

Demographics

 Age

   <  = 60

REF

REF

REF

–

–

–

   > 60

− 1.113

(− 2.701, 0.475)

0.163

–

–

–

 Poverty income ratio^a

  Not poor

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

–

  Poor

2.189

(− 0.321, 4.699)

0.085

–

–

–

 Education level

  Below high school

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  High school or above

− 2.189

(− 4.370, -0.009)

0.049

− 2.150

(− 5.709, 1.409)

0.227

 Married/live with partner

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

–

  Yes

− 0.213

(− 1.391, 0.965)

0.715

–

–

–

 Serum estradiol, pg/ml

− 0.003

(− 0.011, 0.004)

0.378

0.014

(0.001, 0.028)

0.040

 Serum testosterone, ng/dL

− 0.021

(− 0.034, − 0.008)

0.003

− 0.033

(− 0.048, − 0.018)

 < 0.001

 History of estrogen use

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

–

  Yes

1.096

(-0.198, 2.390)

0.094

–

–

–

 Duration of estrogen use (years)

− 0.104

(− 0.148, -0.060)

 < 0.001

− 0.110

(− 0.147, − 0.072)

 < 0.001

Comorbidities

 Diabetes

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

–

  Yes

1.641

(− 0.041, 3.322)

0.055

–

–

–

 CVD

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

3.093

(1.552, 4.634)

 < 0.001

0.684

(− 1.063, 2.431)

0.430

 Cancer history

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

–

  Yes

0.165

(− 0.976, 1.307)

0.769

–

–

–

 Chronic respiratory tract disease

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

2.754

(0.934, 4.575)

0.004

1.254

(− 0.604, 3.113)

0.178

 Arthritis

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

2.024

(0.994, 3.053)

 < 0.001

0.949

(− 0.335, 2.233)

0.141