Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical data: recruited patients sample (n = 6018)
From: Factors associated with involuntary admissions: a register-based cross-sectional multicenter study
Characteristics | Involuntary admission n = 608 n (%) | Voluntary admission n = 5410 n (%) | Overall n = 6018 n (%) | Stat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 / t | d.f | p | ||||
Marital status | 13.933 | 3 | 0.003 | |||
Married | 87 (25.5) | 1024 (33.2)a | 1111 (32.5) | |||
Widow | 12 (3.5) | 135 (4.4) | 147 (4.3) | |||
Divorced | 28 (8.2) | 316 (10.3) | 344 (10.0) | |||
Single | 214 (62.8)a | 1607 (52.1) | 1821 (53.2) | |||
Educational level | 4.132 | 5 | 0.634 | |||
None | 9 (3.5) | 85 (3.4) | 94 (3.4) | |||
Primary school | 29 (11.3) | 275 (10.9) | 304 (10.9) | |||
Secondary school | 122 (47.5) | 1180 (46.6) | 1302 (46.7) | |||
High school | 77 (30.0) | 801 (31.7) | 878 (31.5) | |||
University degree | 4 (1.6) | 36 (1.4) | 40 (1.4) | |||
Major degree | 16 (6.1) | 153 (6.0) | 169 (6.1) | |||
Working status | 15.43 | 5 | 0.009 | |||
Unemployed | 96 (32.0)a | 734 (26.0) | 830 (26.6) | |||
Employed | 84 (28.0) | 864 (30.5) | 948 (30.3) | |||
Student | 21 (7.0) | 155 (5.5) | 176 (5.6) | |||
Housewife | 17 (5.7) | 237 (8.4) | 254 (8.1) | |||
Retired | 28 (9.3) | 418 (14.8)a | 446 (14.3) | |||
Other (e.g. occasional work) | 54 (18.0) | 417 (14.8) | 471 (15.1) | |||
Access mode | 40.027 | 5 | < 0.001 | |||
Picked up by ambulance | 214 (44.1)a | 1307 (30.9) | 1521 (32.4) | |||
Referred to emergency room | 239 (49.3) | 2603 (61.6)a | 2842 (60.4) | |||
Transferred from Intensive Short Observation Unit | 1 (0.2) | 20 (0.5) | 21 (0.4) | |||
Transferred from other ward (same hospital) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.5) | 21 (0.4) | |||
Transferred from other hospital (public health system) | 31 (6.4) | 254 (6.0) | 285 (6.0) | |||
Transferred from other health facilities (private) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.5) | 21 (0.4) | |||
Main diagnosis at the entrance (diagnostic macro areas) | 222.029 | 9 | < 0.001 | |||
Psychosis | 220 (61.5)a | 1128 (33.5) | 1348 (36.2) | |||
Depressive anxious syndrome | 15 (4.2) | 1040 (30.9)a | 1055 (28.3) | |||
Manic episode | 36 (10.1)a | 171 (5.1) | 207 (5.6) | |||
Personality disorder | 10 (2.8) | 326 (9.7)a | 336 (9.0) | |||
Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 0 (0.0) | 16 (0.5) | 16 (0.4) | |||
Alcohol use disorder | 7 (2.0) | 87 (2.6) | 94 (2.5) | |||
Substance use disorder | 3 (0.8) | 36 (1.1) | 39 (1.0) | |||
Suicide attempt | 8 (2.2) | 259 (7.7)a | 267 (7.2) | |||
Abnormal behavior | 57 (15.9)a | 270 (8.0) | 327 (8.8) | |||
Psych. disorders due to medical condition | 2 (0.6) | 32 (1.0) | 34 (0.9) | |||
Discharge (type) | 4.721 | 4 | 0.580 | |||
At home | 473 (78.1) | 4120 (76.5) | 4593 (76.7) | |||
Long-term care facility | 65 (10.8) | 719 (13.4) | 784 (13.0) | |||
Other psychiatric ward (different hospital) | 47 (7.8) | 405 (7.5) | 452 (7.6) | |||
Therapeutic community | 18 (3.0) | 118 (2.2) | 136 (2.3) | |||
Other ward of the hospital | 2 (0.3) | 19 (0.4) | 21 (0.4) | |||
Main diagnosis at discharge (ICD-9-CM codes) | 304.885 | 19 | < 0.001 | |||
Dementias (290) | 10 (1.6) | 47 (0.9) | 57 (1.0) | |||
Alcohol-induced mental disorders (291) | 3 (0.5) | 15 (0.3) | 18 (0.3) | |||
Drug-induced mental disorders (292) | 6 (1.0) | 32 (0.6) | 38 (0.6) | |||
Schizophrenic disorders (295) | 156 (25.7)a | 931 (17.3) | 1087 (18.1) | |||
Episodic mood disorders (296) | 103 (16.9)a | 591 (9.3) | 604 (0.1) | |||
Manic/mixed episodes | 1 (0.2) | 210 (3.9)a | 211 (3.5) | |||
Bipolar depression | 14 (2.3) | 245 (4.5)a | 259 (4.3) | |||
Bipolar disorder NOS | 6 (1.0) | 185 (3.4)a | 191 (3.2) | |||
Mood disorders NOS | 9 (1.5) | 718 (13.3)a | 727 (12.1) | |||
Unipolar depression | 37 (6.1)a | 116 (2.2) | 153 (2.6) | |||
Delusional disorders (297) | 123 (20.2)a | 562 (10.4) | 685 (11.4) | |||
Other nonorganic psychoses (298) | 16 (2.6)a | 58 (1.1) | 74 (1.2) | |||
Pervasive developmental disorders (299) | ||||||
Anxiety, dissociative and somatoform disorders (300) | 2 (0.3) | 132 (2.4)a | 134 (2.2) | |||
Personality disorders (301) | 65 (10.7) | 929 (17.2)a | 994 (16.6) | |||
Alcohol dependence (303) | 22 (3.6)a | 91 (1.7) | 113 (1.9) | |||
Substance dependence (304) | 3 (0.5) 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 20 (0.3) | |||
Nondependent abuse of drugs (305) | 5 (0.8) | 57 (1.1) | 62 (1.0) | |||
Acute reaction of stress (308) | 6 (1.0) | 114 (2.1) | 120 (2.0) | |||
Adjustment reaction (309) | 4 (0.7) | 103 (1.9)a | 107 (1.8) | |||
Others | 17 (2.8) | 326 (6.0)a | 343 (5.7) | |||