Table 3 Clinical variables, hospital/psychiatric ward characteristics, and seasons of the year associated with involuntary or voluntary admissions: inpatient episodes sample (n = 7881)
From: Factors associated with involuntary admissions: a register-based cross-sectional multicenter study
Characteristics | Involuntary admission n = 715 n(%) | Voluntary admission n = 7166 n(%) | Overall n = 7881 n (%) | Stat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 / t | d.f | p | ||||
Access mode | 41.72 | 5 | < 0.001 | |||
Picked up by ambulance | 250 (43.4)a | 1751 (31.1) | 2001 (32.2) | |||
Referred to emergency room | 290 (50.3) | 3470 (61.6)a | 3760 (60.5) | |||
Transferred from Intensive Short Observation Unit | 1 (0.2) | 34 (0.6) | 35 (0.6) | |||
Transferred from other ward (same hospital) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (0.5) | 27 (0.4) | |||
Transferred from other hospital (public health system) | 34 (5.9) | 320 (5.6) | 354 (5.8) | |||
Transferred from other health facilities (private) | 1 (0.2) | 33 (0.6) | 34 (0.5) | |||
Main diagnosis at the entrance (diagnostic macro areas) | 241.048 | 9 | < 0.001 | |||
Psychosis | 263 (60.3)a | 1532 (34.7) | 1795 (37.0) | |||
Depressive anxious syndrome | 23 (5.3) | 1304 (29.5) | 1327 (27.4) | |||
Manic episode | 44 (10.1)a | 223 (5.1) | 267 (5.5) | |||
Personality disorder | 8 (1.8) | 121 (2.7) | 129 (2.7) | |||
Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 4 (0.9) | 45 (1.0) | 49 (1.0) | |||
Alcohol use disorder | 15 (3.4) | 483 (10.9) | 497 (10.2) | |||
Substance use disorder | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.5) | 21 (0.4) | |||
Suicide attempt | 9 (2.1) | 302 (6.8) | 311 (6.4) | |||
Abnormal behavior | 68 (15.6)a | 349 (7.9) | 417 (8.6) | |||
Psych. disorders due to medical condition | 2 (0.5) | 35 (0.8) | 37 (0.8) | |||
Discharge (type) | 6.071 | 4 | 0.415 | |||
At home | 567 (78.2) | 5499 (77.2) | 6066 (77.3) | |||
Long-term care facility | 80 (11.2) | 975 (13.7) | 1055 (13.5) | |||
Other psychiatric ward (different hospital) | 54 (7.6) | 480 (6.7) | 534 (6.8) | |||
Therapeutic community | 19 (2.7) | 149 (2.1) | 168 (2.1) | |||
Other ward of the hospital | 2 (0.3) | 23 (0.3) | 25 (0.3) | |||
Hospital location | 3.565 | 1 | 0.061 | |||
City of Torino/first belt (n = 6) | 166 (23.2) | 1897 (26.5) | 2063 (26.2) | |||
Other cities (n = 17) | 549 (76.8) | 5269 (73.5) | 5818 (73.8) | |||
Hospital of densely populated areas (> 50,000 inhabitants) | 2.663 | 1 | 0.108 | |||
Yes (n = 8) | 365 (51.0) | 3429 (47.9) | 3794 (48.1) | |||
No (n = 15) | 350 (49.0) | 3737 (52.1) | 4087 (51.9) | |||
Hospital beds per psychiatric ward | 1.451 | 1 | 0.228 | |||
> 10 | 560 (78.3) | 5469 (76.3) | 6029 (76.5) | |||
≤ 10 | 155 (21.7) | 1697 (23.7) | 1852 (23.5) | |||
Seasons of the year | 4.271 | 1 | 0.234 | |||
Winter | 177 (24.8) | 1814 (25.3) | 1991 (25.3) | |||
Spring | 201 (28.1) | 1783 (24.9) | 1984 (25.2) | |||
Summer | 186 (26.0) | 1885 (26.3) | 2071 (26.3) | |||
Fall | 151 (21.1) | 1678 (23.4) | 1829 (23.2) | |||