Table 1 Demographic characteristics and coping response of respondents with and without mild-to-severe depression
|  | Without depression (n = 379) | With mild-to-severe depression (n = 149) | Df | χ2, t | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD | 36.79 ± 12.47 | 33.09 ± 10.08 | 329.66 | 3.54 |  < 0.001 |
Duration of MCO, days, mean ± SD | 48.67 ± 6.12 | 48.20 ± 6.08 | 526 | 0.79 | 0.430 |
Health quarantine, n (%) | |||||
 Yes | 28 (7.4) | 15 (10.1) | 1 | 1.03 | 0.311 |
 No | 351 (92.6) | 134 (89.9) |  |  |  |
Gender, n (%) | |||||
 Male | 148 (39.1) | 52 (34.9) | 1 | 0.78 | 0.376 |
 Female | 231 (60.9) | 97 (65.1) |  |  |  |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
 Non-Malay | 215 (56.7) | 96 (64.4) | 1 | 2.62 | 0.105 |
 Malay | 164 (43.3) | 53 (35.6) |  |  |  |
Marital status, n (%) | |||||
 Without partner | 173 (45.6) | 107 (71.8) | 1 | 29.40 |  < 0.001 |
 With partner | 206 (54.4) | 42 (28.2) |  |  |  |
Religion, n (%) | |||||
 No religion | 10 (2.6) | 8 (5.4) | 1 | 2.47 | 0.116 |
 Have religion | 369 (97.4) | 140 (94.6) |  |  |  |
Zone, n (%) | |||||
 Green and yellow | 110 (29.0) | 21 (14.1) | 1 | 12.78 |  < 0.001 |
 Red | 269 (71.0) | 128 (85.9) |  |  |  |
Household income | |||||
 B40 | 149 (39.3) | 77 (51.7) | 1 | 6.68 | 0.010 |
 M40 and T20 | 230 (60.7) | 72 (48.3) |  |  |  |
 Household size, mean ± SD | 4.31 ± 2.13 | 4.13 ± 2.10 | 525 | 0.89 | 0.375 |
Employment status, n (%) | |||||
 Unemployed | 104 (27.4) | 31 (20.8) | 1 | 2.47 | 0.116 |
 Employed | 275 (72.6) | 118 (79.2) |  |  |  |
Frontliners, n (%) | |||||
 Yes | 47 (12.4) | 13 (8.7) | 1 | 1.44 | 0.231 |
 No | 332 (87.6) | 136 (91.3) |  |  |  |
Education level, n (%) | |||||
 Up to secondary | 40 (10.6) | 11 (7.4) | 1 | 1.23 | 0.267 |
 Tertiary | 339 (89.4) | 138 (92.6) |  |  |  |
Brief-COPE, mean ± SD | |||||
 Approach | 33.12 ± 8.72 | 32.87 ± 6.07 | 385.78 | 0.37 | 0.710 |
 Avoidant | 20.78 ± 5.65 | 25.43 ± 5.70 | 526 | − 8.50 |  < 0.001 |
 Religion | 5.94 ± 2.11 | 5.10 ± 2.07 | 526 | 4.13 |  < 0.001 |
 Humor | 4.45 ± 1.81 | 4.30 ± 0.1.67 | 291.37 | 0.89 | 0.377 |