Table 3 Factors (crude and adjusted odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p value) associated with low OWHOQOL among elderly at North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 822)

Age

17,270/22630

 60–69

1

1

 70–79

1.31 (0.94,1.83)

1.05 (0.69,1.49)

 80–89

2.69 (1.84,3.95)

0.31 (0.34,0.82)

 ≥ 90

3.52 (1.88,6.61)

0.25 (0.22,0.96)

Sex

 Male

1

1

 Female

1.19 (0.90,1.56)

1.23 (0.88,1.72)

Marital status

 Single

4.62 (3.40,6.27)

1.95 (1.53,3.86)

 Married

1

1

Educational status

 No formal education

2.90 (2.12,3.97)

2.20 (1.51,3.24)

 Formal education

1

1

Number of children

 No children

1.90 (1.34,2.71)

0.98 (0.57,1.66)

 One child

1.82 (1.12,2.97)

1.13 (0.35,1.95)

 Two children

1.38 (0.95,1.99)

1.40 (0.48,2.02)

 Three and above child

1

1

Source of income

 Retirement

1

1

 Helped by family

4.79 (2.19,10.48)

3.76 (1.52,8.98)

 Farmers

0.62 (0.30,1.30)

0.60 (0.33,1.12)

 Merchant

0.34 (0.12,0.94)

0.33 (0.48,1.87)

 Helped by NGO

2.24 (1.09,4.57)

1.70 (0.25,2.25)

Living status

 Alone

2.17 (1.64,2.88)

1.83 (1.35,2.89)

 With family

1

1

Social support

 No

0.43 (0.32,0.59)

0.40 (0.41,1.36)

 Yes

1

1

Chronic illness

 No

1

1

 Yes

2.52 (1.81,3.50

2.21 (1.41,3.40)

Current substance use

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.63 (0.47,0.83)

1.10 (0.61,1.28)