Table 3 Relationship between psychiatric disorders and different variables
|  | Addiction n = 31 (2.8%) | Schizophrenia n = 52 (4.8%) | Mood disorder n = 324 (29.7%) | Stress disorder n = 185 (17.0%) | Personality disorder n = 67 (6.1%) | Other PD n = 9 (0.8%) | Combined PD n = 357 (32.8%) | No PD n = 65 (6.0%) | Total n = 1090 (100.0%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||||||
 Male | 19 (61.3) | 23 (44.2) | 103 (31.8) | 67 (36.2) | 15 (22.4) | 1 (11.1) | 111 (31.1) | 24 (38.7) | 363 (33.3) | 0.004 |
 Female | 12 (38.7) | 29 (55.8) | 221 (68.2) | 118 (63.8) | 52 (77.6) | 8 (88.9) | 246 (68.9) | 41 (63.1) | 727 (66.7) |  |
Age group | ||||||||||
  < 18 | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 10 (3.1) | 16 (8.6) | 7 (10.4) | 4 (44.4) | 18 (5.0) | 2 (3.1) | 58 (5.3) |  < 0.001 |
 18–44 | 18 (58.1) | 31 (59.6) | 141 (43.5) | 116 (62.7) | 56 (83.6) | 1 (11.1) | 209 (58.5) | 31 (47.7) | 603 (55.3) |  |
 45–64 | 10 (32.3) | 18 (34.6) | 123 (38.0) | 36 (19.5) | 4 (6.0) | 1 (11.1) | 107 (30.0) | 19 (29.2) | 318 (29.2) |  |
  > 64 | 2 (6.5) | 3 (5.8) | 50 (15.4) | 17 (9.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (33.3) | 23 (6.4) | 13 (20.0) | 111 (10.2) |  |
 Pre-existing psychiatric medication | 5 (16.1) | 42 (80.8) | 170 (52.5) | 10 (5.4) | 32 (47.8) | 4 (44.4) | 245 (68.6) | 3 (4.6) | 511 (46.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Pre-existing psychiatric treatment | 10 (12.3) | 38 (73.1) | 161 (49.7) | 19 (10.3) | 44 (65.7) | 2 (22.2) | 258 (72.3) | 10 (15.4) | 542 (49.7) |  < 0.001 |
Prior SRB | ||||||||||
 First SRB | 30 (96.8) | 37 (71.2) | 223 (68.8) | 156 (84.3) | 37 (55.2) | 8 (88.9) | 194 (54.3) | 56 (86.2) | 741 (68.0) |  < 0.001 |
 At least second SRB | 1 (3.2) | 15 (28.8) | 101 (31.2) | 29 (15.7) | 30 (44.8) | 1 (11.1) | 163 (45.7) | 9 (13.8) | 349 (32.0) |  |
 Family disposition | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 14 (4.3) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) | 10 (2.8) | 1 (1.5) | 29 (2.7) | 0.171 |
Intention | ||||||||||
 Suicidal | 18 (58.1) | 47 (90.4) | 285 (88.0) | 111 (60.0) | 51 (76.1) | 7 (77.8) | 272 (76.2) | 41 (63.1) | 832 (76.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Parasuicidal | 13 (41.9) | 5 (9.6) | 39 (12.0) | 74 (40.0) | 16 (23.9) | 2 (22.2) | 85 (23.8) | 24 (36.9) | 258 (23.7) |  |
 Suicidal ideation | 4 (12.9) | 16 (30.8) | 86 (26.5) | 22 (11.9) | 16 (23.9) | 3 (33.3) | 84 (23.5) | 6 (9.2) | 237 (21.7) |  < 0.001 |
Suicide announcement | ||||||||||
 Written | 2 (6.5) | 3 (5.8) | 57 (17.6) | 30 (16.2) | 9 (13.4) | 2 (22.2) | 37 (10.4) | 7 (10.8) | 147 (13.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Oral | 4 (12.9) | 14 (26.9) | 51 (15.7) | 41 (22.2) | 24 (35.8) | 0 (0) | 91 (25.5) | 10 (15.4) | 235 (21.6) |  |
 Any announcement | 6 (19.4) | 17 (32.7) | 108 (33.3) | 71 (38.4) | 33 (49.3) | 2 (22.2) | 128 (35.9) | 17 (26.2) | 382 (35.0) |  |
 Farewell letter | 1 (3.2) | 5 (9.6) | 59 (18.2) | 24 (13.0) | 6 (9.0) | 2 (22.2) | 48 (13.4) | 11 (16.9) | 156 (14.3) | 0.129 |
 Self-injury | 3 (9.7) | 3 (5.8) | 24 (7.4) | 9 (4.9) | 11 (16.4) | 0 (0) | 40 (11.2) | 7 (10.8) | 97 (8.9) | 0.066 |
Source of medication | ||||||||||
 Next of kin/friend | 1 (3.8) | 1 (2.1) | 14 (4.5) | 15 (8.8) | 5 (7.9) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (1.5) | 2 (3.5) | 44 (4.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Long-term/on demand | 12 (46.2) | 32 (68.1) | 199 (64.2) | 62 (36.5) | 36 (57.1) | 6 (66.7) | 236 (69.0) | 26 (45.6) | 609 (59.5) |  |
 Illegally obtained | 4 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.8) |  |
 No medication | 4 (15.4) | 6 (12.8) | 21 (6.8) | 12 (7.1) | 6 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 35 (10.2) | 7 (12.3) | 91 (8.9) |  |
 Several sources | 3 (11.5) | 2 (4.3) | 39 (12.6) | 26 (15.3) | 8 (12.7) | 1 (11.1) | 36 (10.5) | 10 (17.5) | 125 (12.2) |  |
 OTC/pharmacy | 1 (3.8) | 6 (12.8) | 33 (10.6) | 53 (31.2) | 8 (12.7) | 1 (11.1) | 24 (7.0) | 12 (21.1) | 138 (13.5) |  |
 Other sources | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.9) |  |
 Missing | 5 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 8 | 66 |  |
Trigger | ||||||||||
 Work | 1 (3.3) | 2 (3.9) | 23 (7.2) | 17 (9.2) | 5 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 20 (5.7) | 3 (4.7) | 71 (6.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Family | 3 (10.0) | 1 (2.0) | 32 (10.0) | 20 (10.9) | 4 (6.1) | 3 (33.3) | 29 (8.2) | 9 (14.1) | 101 (9.4) |  |
 Financial problems | 1 (3.3) | 2 (3.9) | 12 (3.8) | 4 (2.2) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 9 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 30 (2.8) |  |
 Law/justice | 1 (3.3) | 1 (2.0) | 7 (2.2) | 6 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (2.0) | 1 (1.6) | 23 (2.1) |  |
 Health | 2 (6.7) | 3 (5.9) | 30 (9.4) | 10 (5.4) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 33 (9.3) | 4 (6.3) | 83 (7.7) |  |
 Partner | 7 (23.3) | 3 (5.9) | 93 (29.1) | 91 (49.5) | 20 (30.3) | 0 (0) | 98 (27.8) | 25 (39.1) | 337 (31.3) |  |
 Social environment | 1 (3.3) | 4 (7.8) | 17 (5.3) | 9 (4.9) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (22.2) | 21 (5.9) | 2 (3.1) | 58 (5.4) |  |
 Loss of attachment figure/pet animal | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 15 (4.7) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | 12 (3.4) | 2 (3.1) | 36 (3.3) |  |
 No trigger | 14 (46.7) | 34 (66.7) | 91 (28.4) | 23 (12.5) | 31 (47.0) | 3 (33.3) | 124 (35.1) | 18 (28.1) | 338 (31.4) |  |
 Missing | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 13 |  |
Severity | ||||||||||
 None | 3 (9.7) | 7 (13.5) | 43 (13.3) | 45 (24.3) | 17 (25.4) | 1 (11.1) | 62 (17.4) | 15 (23.1) | 193 (17.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Minor | 22 (71.0) | 22 (42.3) | 148 (45.7) | 101 (54.6) | 33 (49.3) | 5 (55.6) | 199 (55.7) | 28 (43.1) | 558 (51.2) |  |
 Moderate | 3 (9.7) | 19 (36.5) | 104 (32.1) | 32 (17.3) | 14 (20.9) | 2 (22.2) | 75 (21.0) | 15 (23.1) | 264 (24.2) |  |
 Severe | 1 (3.2) | 4 (7.7) | 24 (7.4) | 7 (3.8) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 21 (5.9) | 2 (3.1) | 61 (5.6) |  |
 Fatal | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.7) | 14 (1.3) |  |
 Number of substances, mean; median (min; max) | 1.68; 1.00 (1.00; 6.00) | 1.60; 1.00 (1.00; 6.00) | 1.92; 1.00 (1.00; 7.00) | 1.77; 1.00 (1.00; 8.00) | 1.93; 1.00 (1.00; 10.00) | 3.00; 2.00 (1.00; 13.00) | 1.99; 2.00 (1.00; 10.00) | 1.77; 1.00 (1.00; 7.00) | 1.90; 1.00 (1.00; 13.00) | 0.040 |
 Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |  |
Substances | ||||||||||
 Antibiotic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (2.5) | 11 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (3.1) | 22 (2.0) | 0.002 |
 Anticoagulant | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.2) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.8) | 0.989 |
 Anticonvulsant | 5 (16.1) | 8 (15.4) | 22 (6.8) | 14 (7.6) | 9 (13.4) | 0 (0) | 32 (9.0) | 4 (6.2) | 94 (8.6) | 0.191 |
 Antidepressant | 2 (6.5) | 6 (11.5) | 116 (35.8) | 19 (10.3) | 17 (25.4) | 2 (22.2) | 136 (38.1) | 10 (15.4) | 308 (28.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Antidiabetic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.9) | 4 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (1.5) | 13 (1.2) | 0.548 |
 Antihistamine | 0 (0) | 5 (9.6) | 21 (6.5) | 20 (10.8) | 5 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 19 (5.3) | 6 (9.2) | 76 (7.0) | 0.206 |
 Anti-Parkinson medication | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.8) | 0.172 |
 Antipsychotics | 2 (6.5) | 19 (36.5) | 50 (15.4) | 3 (1.6) | 17 (25.4) | 0 (0) | 97 (27.2) | 3 (4.6) | 191 (17.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Benzodiazepine | 14 (45.2) | 11 (21.2) | 88 (27.2) | 34 (18.4) | 14 (20.9) | 0 (0) | 94 (26.3) | 12 (18.5) | 267 (24.5) | 0.018 |
 Car exhaust/carbon monoxide | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 9 (2.8) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (4.6) | 20 (1.8) | 0.310 |
 Cardiac medication | 0 (0) | 4 (7.7) | 29 (9.0) | 15 (8.1) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | 14 (3.9) | 3 (4.6) | 67 (6.1) | 0.034 |
 Chemical | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.7) | 1 (1.5) | 11 (1.0) | 0.800 |
 Cleaning agents | 1 (3.2) | 3 (5.8) | 2 (0.6) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.7) | 2 (3.1) | 19 (1.7) | 0.137 |
 Cytostatics | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.3) | 0.901 |
 Endocrinological medication | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.5) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | 16 (1.5) | 0.929 |
 Fungicide | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (0.3) | 0.384 |
 Herbal medicine | 1 (3.2) | 2 (3.8) | 7 (2.2) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (4.6) | 18 (1.7) | 0.100 |
 (Illegal) drugs | 4 (12.9) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (0.9) | 4 (2.2) | 5 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 24 (6.7) | 1 (1.5) | 42 (3.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Insecticide | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 6 (0.6) | 0.94 |
 Mushrooms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
 Non-opioid analgesics | 4 (12.9) | 3 (5.8) | 75 (23.1) | 79 (42.7) | 18 (26.9) | 5 (55.6) | 64 (17.9) | 16 (24.6) | 264 (24.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Opioids | 5 (16.1) | 1 (1.9) | 20 (6.2) | 14 (7.6) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (11.1) | 26 (7.3) | 4 (6.2) | 74 (6.8) | 0.351 |
 Other drugs | 2 (6.5) | 1 (1.9) | 19 (5.9) | 15 (8.1) | 5 (7.5) | 2 (22.2) | 29 (8.1) | 8 (12.3) | 81 (7.4) | 0.217 |
 Other sedatives | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.6) | 0.046 |
 Other substances | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (2) | 4 (0.4) | 0.332 |
 Plant | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.6) | 0.512 |
 Rodenticides | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (0.5) | 0.201 |
 Z-drugs | 5 (16.1) | 7 (13.5) | 54 (16.7) | 21 (11.4) | 8 (11.9) | 2 (22.2) | 41 (11.5) | 9 (13.8) | 147 (13.5) | 0.512 |
 Distancing, first psychiatric exploration | 19 (70.4) | 15 (31.2) | 149 (47.9) | 132 (74.2) | 37 (56.9) | 5 (55.6) | 182 (52.9) | 43 (79.6) | 582 (56.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Missing | 4 | 4 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 11 | 54 |  |
 Distancing, second psychiatric exploration | 14 (82.4) | 14 (43.8) | 133 (63.3) | 89 (85.6) | 29 (72.5) | 3 (50.0) | 128 (64.0) | 17 (77.3) | 427 (67.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Missing | 14 | 20 | 114 | 81 | 27 | 3 | 157 | 43 | 459 |  |
Follow-up therapy | ||||||||||
 Outpatient psychiatric care | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0) | 10 (3.1) | 9 (4.9) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 31 (2.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Inpatient psychiatric care | 5 (16.1) | 48 (92.3) | 223 (68.8) | 54 (29.2) | 40 (59.7) | 5 (55.6) | 216 (60.5) | 18 (27.7) | 609 (55.9) |  |
 Discharge against medical advice | 16 (51.6) | 2 (3.8) | 50 (15.4) | 75 (40.5) | 17 (25.4) | 1 (11.1) | 101 (28.3) | 24 (36.9) | 286 (26.2) |  |
 Discharged home | 3 (9.7) | 2 (3.8) | 33 (10.2) | 47 (25.4) | 6 (9.0) | 2 (22.2) | 31 (8.7) | 12 (18.5) | 136 (12.5) |  |
 Other therapy | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 6 (9.2) | 16 (1.5) |  |
 Deceased | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.7) | 12 (1.1) |  |