Table 4 Bivariate analysis taking the COVID-19 illness categories as the dependent variable
From: COVID-19 outbreak in a psychiatric hospital: what makes it worse?
Asymptomatic | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Critical | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 126 (46.3%) | 113 (41.5%) | 5 (1.8%) | 15 (5.5%) | 13 (4.8%) | < 0.001 |
Female | 76 (55.1%) | 32 (23.2%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (15.9%) | 8 (5.8%) | |
Diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 10 (31.3%) | 13 (40.6%) | 1 (3.1%) | 7 (21.9%) | 1 (3.1%) | 0.037 |
No | 192 (50.8%) | 132 (34.9%) | 4 (1.1%) | 30 (7.9%) | 20 (5.3%) | |
Hypertension | ||||||
Yes | 22 (44.9%) | 18 (36.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (18.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.057 |
No | 180 (49.9%) | 127 (35.2%) | 3 (1.4%) | 28 (7.8%) | 21 (5.8%) | |
Coronary heart disease | ||||||
Yes | 8 (72.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.057 |
No | 194 (48.6%) | 145 (36.6%) | 5 (1.3%) | 36 (9.0%) | 19 (4.8%) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||||
Yes | 1 (6.3%) | 8 (50.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.001 |
No | 201 (51.0%) | 137 (34.8%) | 4 (1.0%) | 34 (8.6%) | 18 (4.6%) | |
Smoking | ||||||
Yes | 98 (46.7%) | 88 (41.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 19 (9.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0.002 |
No | 104 (52.0%) | 57 (28.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 18 (9.0%) | 18 (9.0%) | |
Atypical ATP | ||||||
Yes | 72 (54.1%) | 44 (33.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | 14 (10.5%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.130 |
No | 130 (46.9%) | 101 (36.5%) | 4 (1.4%) | 23 (8.3%) | 19 (6.9%) | |
Typical ATP | ||||||
Yes | 154 (51.2%) | 115 (38.2%) | 5 (1.7%) | 25 (8.3%) | 2 (0.7%) | < 0.001 |
No | 48 (44.0%) | 30 (27.5%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (11.0%) | 19 (17.4%) | |
Anti-epileptic | ||||||
Yes | 85 (45.5%) | 76 (40.6%) | 3 (1.6%) | 19 (10.2%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0.031 |
No | 117 (52.5%) | 69 (30.9%) | 2 (0.9%) | 18 (8.1%) | 17 (7.6%) | |
Benzodiazepine | ||||||
Yes | 76 (51.0%) | 57 (38.3%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.003 |
No | 126 (48.3%) | 88 (33.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | 21 (8.0%) | 21 (8.0%) | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 48.78 ± 17.10 | 47.92 ± 17.72 | 64.66 ± 2.08 | 63.50 ± 10.60 | 60.63 ± 11.91 | 0.002 |
BMI | 23.14 ± 3.09 | 24.08 ± 3.25 | 26.03 ± 5.15 | 24.13 ± 3.56 | 26.72 ± 2.43 | 0.097 |
Temperature | 36.89 ± 0.34 | 38.36 ± 0.79 | 38.46 ± 0.64 | 39.48 ± 1.03 | 39.70 ± 0.88 | < 0.001 |
Pulse | 91.80 ± 12.20 | 96.24 ± 11.83 | 103.66 ± 13.86 | 90.77 ± 10.64 | 102.85 ± 19.29 | 0.001 |
Saturation | 97.11 ± 2.46 | 95.55 ± 3.40 | 89.00 ± 3.00 | 89.45 ± 6.87 | 88.25 ± 3.77 | < 0.001 |
Number of typical antipsychotic | 1.16 ± 0.87 | 1.30 ± 0.95 | 1.40 ± 0.54 | 1.10 ± 0.96 | 0.95 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
Number of atypical antipsychotic | 0.39 ± 0.55 | 0.31 ± 0.49 | 0.20 ± 0.44 | 0.45 ± 0.64 | 0.09 ± 0.30 | 0.078 |
CRP | 13.80 ± 22.82 | 33.05 ± 40.27 | 86.20 ± 98.89 | 80.36 ± 58.31 | 75.89 ± 61.33 | < 0.001 |