Variables | Total | Pre-lockdown | Lockdown | Post-lockdown | Pearson Chi2 | Kruskal–Wallis | Shapiro–Francia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Admission in ED | |||||||
 Total number of admission for any health problem in ED | 67.358 | 43.201 | 3.713 | 20.444 |  |  |  |
 Total number of patients | 2739 | 1423 | 274 | 1042 |  |  |  |
 Total number of psych cons in ED | 3873 | 2033 | 368 | 1472 |  |  |  |
 Total number of admissions in psychiatric ward | 924 | 566 | 93 | 265 |  |  |  |
 % of psych cons on ED presentations M (SD) |  | 4.87 (0.96) | 9.13 (0.67) | 7.24 (0.71) |  | 2884.46*** | 11.15*** |
 ED admission per month M (SD) |  | 3053.56 (315.12) | 1352.37 (282.64) | 1691.68 (299.98) |  | 2788.88*** | 13.68*** |
 ED admission with psych cons per month M (SD) |  | 147.08 (34.22) | 103.14 (34.41) | 118.89 (24.56) |  | 762.45*** | 8.97*** |
 Admissions in psychiatric ward per month M (SD) |  | 40.46 (7.44) | 25.7 (6.56) | 25.96 (11.82) |  | 334.25*** | 7.73*** |
 Re-admissions in ED for psych cons per month M (SD) |  | 61.74 (17.93) | 44.96 (16.07) | 50.17 (10.62) |  | 476.39*** | 10.28*** |
Socio-demographic variables | |||||||
 Age M (SD) |  | 44.49 (16.2) | 43.72 (15.85) | 44.31 (16.72) |  | 0.54 | 9.85*** |
 Age group N (%) |  |  |  |  | 12.02* |  |  |
  Below 35 | 1224 | 618 (30.4) | 115 (31.17) | 491 (33.38) |  |  |  |
  36–49 | 1157 | 630 (30.99) | 118 (31.98) | 409 (27.8) |  |  |  |
  Over 50 | 1364 | 712 (35.02) | 119 (32.25) | 533 (36.23) |  |  |  |
  Unknown | 128 | 73 (3.59) | 17 (4.61) | 38 (2.58) |  |  |  |
 Gender N (%) |  |  |  |  | 7.76*** |  |  |
  Female | 1670 | 906 (44.56) | 136 (36.86) | 628 (42.66) |  |  |  |
  Male | 2204 | 1127 (55.44) | 233 (63.14) | 844 (57.34) |  |  |  |
 Country of origin N (%) |  |  |  |  | 1.98 |  |  |
  Italy | 2918 | 1515 (74.52) | 276 (74.8) | 1127 (76.56) |  |  |  |
  Overseas | 956 | 518 (25.48) | 93 (25.2) | 345 (23.44) |  |  |  |
Clinic variables | |||||||
 LOS M(SD) |  | 6.26 (9.37) | 8.29 (10.05) | 11.92 (21.55) |  | 266.12*** | 17.63*** |
 Type of disease N (%) |  |  |  |  | 48.08*** |  |  |
  SMI | 1301 | 767 (37.73) | 110 (29.81) | 424 (29.16) |  |  |  |
  nSMI | 1218 | 573 (28.18) | 126 (34.15) | 519 (35.69) |  |  |  |
  A&S | 346 | 161 (7.92) | 49 (13.28) | 136 (9.35) |  |  |  |
 Frequent attendee N (%) |  |  |  |  | 1.69 |  |  |
  Yes | 507 | 268 (14.07) | 47 (12.74) | 192 (13.04) |  |  |  |
  No | 3359 | 1747 (85.93) | 332 (87.26) | 1280 (86.96) |  |  |  |
 Local Health Agency N (%) |  |  |  |  | 14.83*** |  |  |
  Local Health Agency Rome 1 | 1860 | 1023 (50.32) | 218 (59.08) | 816 (55.43) |  |  |  |
  Other | 1817 | 1010 (49.68) | 151 (40.92) | 656 (44.57) |  |  |  |
 Mode of arrival N (%) |  |  |  |  | 28.83*** |  |  |
  Ambulance | 2611 | 1304 (64.14) | 285 (77.24) | 1022 (69.43) |  |  |  |
  Other | 1263 | 729 (35.86) | 84 (22.76) | 450 (30.57) |  |  |  |
 Triage classification N (%) |  |  |  |  | 26.78*** |  |  |
  Major/urgent emergency | 2144 | 1205 (59.27) | 186 (50.41) | 753 (51.15) |  |  |  |
  Minor/non-emergency | 1730 | 828 (40.73) | 183 (49.59) | 719 (48.85) |  |  |  |
 Reason for accessing N (%) |  |  |  |  | 17.26*** |  |  |
  Pyschomotor agitation | 2470 | 1236 (60.8) | 239 (64.77) | 995 (67.6) |  |  |  |
  Other | 1404 | 797 (39.2) | 130 (35.23) | 477 (32.40) |  |  |  |
 Psychiatric diagnosis N (%) |  |  |  |  | 67.36*** |  |  |
  Schizophrenia and other psychosis | 1020 | 605 (29.76) | 78 (21.14) | 337 (23.18) |  |  |  |
  Mania and bipolar disorders | 103 | 52 (2.56) | 11 (2.98) | 40 (2.75) |  |  |  |
  Depression | 209 | 120 (5.9) | 24 (6.5) | 65 (4.47) |  |  |  |
  Neurosis and somatoform disorders | 665 | 328 (16.13) | 56 (15.18) | 281 (19.33) |  |  |  |
  Personality and behavioral disorders | 96 | 46 (2.26) | 15 (4.07) | 35 (2.41) |  |  |  |
  Alcholism and substance use disorders | 346 | 161 (7.92) | 49 (13.28) | 136 (9.35) |  |  |  |
  Organic mental disorders | 90 | 35 (1.72) | 5 (1.36) | 50 (3.44) |  |  |  |
  Other mental disorders | 336 | 154 (7.58) | 47 (12.74) | 135 (9.28) |  |  |  |
  No mental disorders | 991 | 532 (26.17) | 84 (22.76) | 375 (25.79) |  |  |  |