Sleep disorders in the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019: an overview and risk factor study

Table 2 Age was associated with various abnormal PSQI item scores in the acute stage of COVID-19

	Total	Age (y) (mean ± SD)	p value	Age (y) (n, %)		p value
	Total	Age (y) (mean ± SD)	p value	> 50	≤ 50	p value
Sleep quality
Decreased	38	59.46 ± 14.37	< 0.001^*	30 (78.95)	8 (21.05)	0.002^*
Normal	15	49.26 ± 19.06	< 0.001^*	10 (66.67)	5 (33.33)	0.002^*
Sleep latency
Prolonged	33	58.03 ± 16.32	0.043*	25 (75.76)	8 (24.24)	0.055
Normal	20	48.05 ± 18.10	0.043*	10 (50.00)	10 (50.00)	0.055
Sleep duration
Decreased	35	57.23 ± 16.48	0.086	25 (71.43)	10 (28.57)	0.248
Normal	18	48.5 ± 18.54	0.086	10 (55.56)	8 (44.44)	0.248
Sleep efficiency
Decreased	24	59.75 ± 15.93	0.037*	20 (83.33)	4 (16.67)	0.016^*
Normal	29	49.72 ± 17.76	0.037*	15 (51.72)	14 (48.28)	0.016^*
Sleep disturbances
With	47	56.55 ± 16.11	0.007*	34 (72.34)	13 (27.66)	0.024^*
Without	6	36.33 ± 19.38	0.007*	1 (16.67)	5 (83.33)	0.024^*
Sleep medication usage
With	10	62.6 ± 16.18	0.095	8 (80.00)	2 (20.00)	0.506
Without	43	52.33 ± 17.44	0.095	27 (62.79)	16 (37.21)	0.506
Daytime dysfunction
With	31	59.48 ± 15.30	0.009*	24 (77.42)	7 (22.58)	0.038^*
Without	22	46.91 ± 18.16	0.009*	11 (50.00)	11 (50.00)	0.038^*

The p values were obtained from independent-sample t tests for continuous data of age and chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests (total number < 40 or any expected number < 5) for categorical variable of age > 50 or not
^*p < 0.05
PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep Quality Index

ISSN: 1744-859X