Table 4 Suicide and Covid-19 in subjects with pre-existing mental disorder, cross-sectional studies general population

Sáiz et al. 20 2022

Suicidal Ideation Trends and Associated Factors in Different Large Spanish Samples During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Spain

Survey 1 (April 16–22, 2020) total sample: 6,108;

Survey 2 (October 14 – November 8, 2020) total sample: 6,418;

Survey 3 (March 16–31, 2021)

Total sample: 5,654

Spanish general population sample. In the Survey 1 group 786 (12.9%) had a past mental disorder and

510 (8.3%) had a current mental disorder. In the Survey 2 group

914 (14.2%) had a past mental disorder and

1,490 (23.2%) had a current mental disorder. In the Survey 3 group

606 (10.7%) had a past mental disorder and

704 (12.5%) had a current mental disorder

Age range of the sample:

Survey 1 group 45.78 years, Survey 2 group 34.71 years, Survey 3 group 39,65 years;

4280 female (70.1%) Survey 1 group;

5731 female (89.3%) Survey 2 group,

4575 female (80.9%) Survey 3 group

To determine the prevalence of passive SI (PSI) and active SI (ASI) in Spanish general population surveys conducted at 3 points in time during the COVID-19 pandemic and to characterize the main factors associated with ASI

Suicide behavior assessed using Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS)

Passive suicidal ideation (PSI) defined as positive answers to PSS items 1 and/or 2,

and active suicidal ideation (ASI), as positive answers to PSS items 3 and/or 4

Cross-sectional survey

Between April 16–22, 2020 peak of first wave; between October 14–November 8, 2020 peak of second wave; between March 16–31, 2021 peak of third wave

Personal history of suicide attempt, current or past history of mental disorder are consistent risk factors for active suicidal ideation (ASI)

Sasaki et al. 2022

Temporary employment and suicidal ideation in COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: A cross‐sectional nationwide survey

Japan,

University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine

12 249 individuals

Nationally representative cross‐sectional study in Japan. Subjects with psychiatric history were 1636 (13.4%)

Mean age of the sample:

43.3 years;

5154 Female (42.1%)

To assess the association between employment contract and suicidal ideation or newly developed under COVID‐19 pandemic examined using a nationally representative cross‐sectional study in Japan

Suicidal ideation measured using one item: “Have you ever wanted to die from April 2020 to the present?” The response options were “1. Experienced for the first time,” “2. It has been around for a long time,” and “3. Not”. Persistent suicidal ideation that began prior to the pandemic defined as Yes (2). Newly developed suicidal ideation in the COVID‐19 pandemic defined as Yes (1)

Retrospective, Cross‐sectional study

From August to September 2020

In the subjects with previous psychiatric history group 386 (23.6%) reported persistent suicidal ideation and 146 (8.9%) reported newly developed suicidal ideation in the COVID‐19 pandemic. History of psychiatric disease was associated with newly developed suicidal ideation in COVID‐19 pandemic and persistent suicidal ideation

Steinmetz

et al. 2020

Levels and predictors of depression, anxiety, and suicidal risk during COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: the impacts of quarantine extensions on mental health state

National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

1202 subjects

Argentineans who took part to an online survey. Subjects with mental disorder history were

302 (25.13%)

Mean age of the sample:

31.45 years; 1029 female (85.61%)

To analyze differences in mental health state (MHS) indicators (including suicidal risk), during three quarantine sub-periods; assess multiple relationships between each MHS indicator and potentially affecting factors

Suicidal risk assessed with Inventory of suicide Orientation (ISO-30)

Cross‐sectional survey

From the 30th March until 23 May 2020

This study suggests a negative mental health impact of quarantine in students and in the general population

Suicidal risk, increasing from the first to the second/third quarantine extensions, but then maintaining to the fourth extension

Presence of mental disorder history, and suicide attempt history were predictors of suicidal risk during quarantine sub-periods

Mortier et al. 2021

Thirty-day suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Spanish adult general population during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic

Spain

3500 subjects

Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Spanish adults. Among the sample 34.3% of respondents had pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders:

490 have depression,

55 have bipolar disorder,

199 have panic attacks,

1052 have anxiety,

37 have alcohol use problems,

50 have

drug use problems

Mean age of the sample:

49.6 years; 51.5% female

To investigate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB; suicidal ideation, plans or attempts) in the Spanish adult general population during the first wave of the Spain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March–July, 2020), and to investigate the individual- and population-level impact of relevant distal and proximal STB risk factor domains

Suicidal risk assessed with a modified version of selected items from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale

Cross-sectional survey

From 1–30 June 2020

STB was 9.7% among the 34.3% of respondents with pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders, and 1.8% among the 65.7% without any pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorder. Among factors significantly associated with STB were pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders and current mental disorders. Individual-level impact was particularly high for bipolar disorder while population-level impact was highest for depression and anxiety. About 49.1% of any STB is potentially attributable to the joint effects of all pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders. 74.1% of suicidal thought and behavior is potentially attributable to mental disorders and adverse events—experiences related to the pandemic. Taken together these two observations suggest a potential increase of suicidal thought and behavior during the pandemic

Vrublevska et al. 2021

Factors related to depression, distress, and self-reported changes in anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Latvia

Latvia

2608 respondents

Nationwide representative sample of the general population. 7.82% overall self-reported history of depression

6.13% had an history of at least one suicide attempt

Mean age of the sample:

men

48.04 years, women

44.74 years;

1260 men,

1344 women,

4 respondent reported that

they were ‘other’ or did not want to define their gender

To investigate the impact of the COVID-

19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population

of Latvia

The Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale (RASS) used to assess suicidal behavior

Cross-sectional survey

From 6 to 27 July 2020

Suicidal thoughts increased in 13.30% of those with a history of clinical depression, and 27.05% of those with a history of suicidal attempts during the state of emergency

Papadopoulou et al. 2021

Suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown in Greece: Prevalence in the community, risk and protective factors

Greece

5,748 subjects

Adults who participated in the survey

Mental health history, reported by 464 patients

In the non-suicidal

ideation group 399 (8.3%) reported mental health history

In the suicidal

ideation group 65 (24.4%) reported mental health history

Age range of the sample:

Non-suicidal ideation group: 18–24 years:

653 (13.13%),

25–34 years:

930 (19.23%),

35–44 years: 1376 (28.45%),

45–54 years: 1148 (23.74%),

55–64 years:

618 (12.78%)

65 years and above:

129 (2.67%);

Suicidal ideation group:

18–24 years:

71 (26.69%),

25–34 years:

60 (22.56%),

35–44 years:

60 (22.56%),

45–54 years:

56 (21.05%),

55–64 years:

16 (6.02%),

65 years and above:

3 (1.13%);

1,434 males, 4,217 females and 5 individuals who reported “other” sex

To investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation in the community as well as the risk

and protective factors of suicidal ideation during restriction measures in Greece, after the outbreak of the COVID-

19 pandemic and development of mental health symptoms

Suicidal ideation assessed according to the suicidal item of Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9

Cross‐sectional survey

From April 7 to May 3, 2020

Individuals with suicidal ideation compared to those without suicidal ideation were more likely to have a mental health history, poorer perceived quality of physical health, and belong to a high-risk group for SARS-CoV2 infection. Participants with a mental health history had 1.64-fold higher odds of suicidal ideation

Mental health history emerged among the risk factors of suicidal ideation

Wathelet et al. 2020

Factors Associated With Mental Health Disorders Among University Students in France Confined During the COVID-19 Pandemic

France

69 054 students

Students who completed it in its entirety the questionnaire

7114 respondents (10.3%) reported a history of psychiatric follow-up

Mean age of the sample:

20 years;

50 251 Female (72.8%)

To measure the prevalence of self-reported mental health symptoms, to identify associated factors, and to assess care seeking among university students who experienced the COVID-19 quarantine in France

Self-reported suicidal thoughts assessed using the 22-item Impact of Events Scale–Revised

Cross‐sectional survey

From April 17 to May 4, 2020

Among risk factors identified, reporting at least 1 outcome, including suicidal thoughts, was associated with history of psychiatric follow-up

Every-Palmer

et al. 2020

Psychological distress, anxiety, family violence, suicidality, and wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study

New Zealand

2416 subjects,

cleaned achieved sample of 2010 cases

Representative sample of adult New Zealanders aged between 18 and 90 years recruited from a commercial survey platform

375 people (18.2%) reported previously been diagnosed with a mental health condition by a doctor or psychologist

Of these, many had more than one diagnosis, with 80.2% reporting having been diagnosed with a depressive disorder, 52.6% anxiety disorder,

5.8% personality disorder,

7.6% bipolar disorder,

5.7% an alcohol and drug disorder,

3. 9% a psychotic disorder,

and 11.4% another disorder

Mean age of the sample:

45 years;

1063 Female (52.9%)

To determine:

- The state of the New Zealand population’s wellbeing during the COVID-19 lockdown (stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, family relationships, suicidal thinking, etc.)

- How the lockdown affected specific populations (e.g., essential workers, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly)

- Whether there were any positive psychological consequences associated with the lockdown

Suicidality assessed using questions on suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts during the lockdown and the preceding 12 months

Cross‐sectional survey

Between 15 and 18 April 2020

Over half of those with past mental health diagnoses were experiencing moderate or severe psychological distress. About one-third thought their mental health had been worse than usual during the lockdown (52.9%), just under half thought it was the same as usual (46.1%), and about one in six reported it was better than usual (17.5%). Suicidal ideation during lockdown reported by 6.1% of participants with 2.1% reporting making plans for suicide and 2.1% also reporting a suicide attempt

For most of those experiencing suicidal thoughts, these were not new thoughts– 83.0% of that group reported having experienced similar ideation in the 12 months prior to lockdown

Vulnerable groups included those with past history of mental illness

Daly et al. 2021

Associations between periods of COVID-19 quarantine and mental health in Canada

Canada

3558 subjects

Individuals from the Maru Voice Canada panel and who completed the survey

18.2% (546) reported having a pre-existing mental health condition

Age range of the sample:

18–34: 534, (17.8%);

35–54: 1157 (38.6%);

55 + : 1309 (43.6%);

1519 woman

(50.6%)

To examine the relationships between COVID-19 quarantine and mental health, including suicidal ideation, and self-harm;

and to explore whether mental health outcomes differ depending on the specific reason for quarantine

Suicidal ideation and self-harm were assessed by asking participants, “as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the previous two weeks” had they “Experienced suicidal thoughts/feelings?” or “Deliberately hurt myself?

Cross‐sectional survey

between May 14–29, 2020

COVID-19 quarantine for any reason was associated with an increase in the odds of suicidal ideation in the group having a pre-existing mental health condition

Bruffaerts

et al. 2021

Suicidality among healthcare professionals during the first COVID-19 wave

Belgium

6,409 healthcare professionals

Healthcare professionals. Lifetime problems with anxiety/nerves endorsed by 12.1%, then depression (7.7%), panic attacks (2.8%), and substance use problems (0.9%). Any lifetime problem estimated at 19.1%

Mean age of the sample:

41.6 years;

72.4% female

To investigate the 30-day prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) and associated risk factors among clinically active healthcare professionals during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic

A modified version of the Columbia Suicidal Severity Rating Scale used to assess STB, including suicidal ideation. Any STB defined as any positive answer on at least one of the STB questions

Cross‐sectional survey

Between 6 April and 14 July 2020

Prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) was 3.6% death wish, 1.5% suicide ideation, 1.0% suicide plan, and 0.0% suicide attempt. Thirty-day suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) increased among respondents with lifetime mental disorders (mostly depression)

Behera et

al. 2021

Trends in deaths attributable to suicide during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with alcohol use and mental disorders: Findings from autopsies conducted in two districts of India

New Delhi, India

321 between March–October 2020

331 between March–October 2019

Autopsies of deaths attributable to suicide from two districts in New Delhi

Mean age of the sample:

28.00 years; majority being male (235/321, 73.2%)

To assess the impact of situation consequent to COVID-19 pandemic on the deaths due to suicide in two districts of New Delhi, India

Psychological autopsy of deaths due to suicides examined to explore factors associated with suicide

Retrospective, Cross-sectional study

Pre-lockdown from 25 March 2019 to 31 October 2019 and during lockdown

from 25 March 2020 to 31 October 2020

There was a significant decline in deaths due to suicide during the lockdown period. Psychological autopsy suggested mental disorders to be the underlying cause for suicidal behavior in 10.2% (33 out of 321) cases. There was a significantly greater proportion of deaths due to suicide attributable to mental illness (12.3% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.01) during the unlock period. There was a significantly lesser number of deaths due to suicide with past history of suicide attempt in the current as compared to the last year

Shi et al. 2021

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

China

56,679 subjects

Nationwide sample from 34 China province-level regions

From the entire sample 161(0.3%) had a history of mental disorder

In this subgroup 67 (0.7%) reported suicidal ideation

Age range of the sample:

18–24:

3,267 (5.8%), 25–34:

23,050 (40.7%),

35–44:

21,658 (38.2%),

 ≥ 45:

8,704 (15.4%);

27,149 (47.9%) males and 29,530 (52.1%) females

To explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its risk factors among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and further provide evidence for suicide prevention under a public health emergency

Suicidal ideation assessed according to the suicidal item of Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9

Cross-sectional survey

Between February 28, 2020 and March 11, 2020

Suicidal ideation was more prevalent in individuals with pre-existing mental disorders (41.6%). Among factors associated with suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic, a history of mental disorders increased risk of suicidal ideation

Yang et al. 2021

The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study

Chinese University of Hong Kong, Honk Kong

1070 subjects

Population-based sample. 25 (2.3%) were diagnosed with mental health problems before the pandemic; 20 (1.9%) were diagnosed with mental health problems during the pandemic

Age range of the sample:

18–35:

115 (10.7%);

36–55:

252 (23.6%);

56–65:

301 (28.1%); > 65:

383 (35.8%);

Male 346 (32.3%);

Female 724 (67.7)

To test the mediation effects of social loneliness and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on the relationship between social media use and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as the moderation effect of age on the mediation models

Suicidal ideation assessed according to the suicidal item of Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9

Cross-sectional survey

Between May 14 and June 4, 2020

Being diagnosed with mental health problems before or during the COVID-19 pandemic were positively associated with suicidal ideation

Al-Humadi et al. 2021

Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, and Burnout Among Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study

New York, USA

225 physicians

The sample was composed of residents, fellows, and attending physicians from 26 specialties working at Stony Brook University Hospital. 65 participants (29%) previously been diagnosed or treated for depression or anxiety

Mean age of the sample:

38.57 years;

129 female (57.3%)

The study investigates the incidence and associated factors of depression, suicidal thoughts, and burnout among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic

Suicidal ideation assessed according to the suicidal item of Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9

Cross-sectional survey

From April 4 through May 1, 2020

Suicidal ideation was associated with history of depression/anxiety, during the COVID-19 pandemic

The prominence of premorbid depression/anxiety as a relevant factor underscores the need to further understand physician mental health and provide early screening and treatment

Sáiz et al. 2020

Prevalence of Passive Suicidal Ideation in the Early Stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Lockdown in a Large Spanish Sample

Spain

21,207 participants

Large general population sample aged 18 years or over 3,665 (17,3%) suffered a past mental disorder, 2489 (11,7%) suffered currently a mental disorder

Mean age of the sample:

39.7 years; 14,768 females (69.6%)

To determine the prevalence of passive suicidal ideation in a sample of the general Spanish population early in the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and to characterize factors associated with such thoughts

To determine independent factors associated with passive suicidal ideation subjects involved asked if they had: “passive suicidal ideation during past 7 days” (no/yes)

Cross-sectional survey

Between March 19 and 26, 2020

1,873 responders (8.8%) had experienced passive suicidal ideation during the past 7 days. Risk factors for passive suicidal ideation were having a personal history of past/current mental disorder

Mamun et al. 2020

Indian celebrity suicides before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated risk factors: Evidence from media reports

India

23 press reports

Media reports

The most common cause of reported suicide during the different time periods was depression (17) although family problems (3), bipolar disorder (1), and personal reasons (1) along with one case wherein the cause of suicide was unreported

Mean age of the sample:

37.94 years between 2002–2019,

26.43 years during the first three months of Covid-19 pandemic;

10 males and 6 females between 2002–2019,

3 males and 4 females during the first three months of Covid-19 pandemic

To assess suicide victims based on a specific high-profile occupation (celebrities working in the entertainment industry) and to examine the probable causality of suicides both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period

Google News search engine used to retrieve relevant articles. The search terms included, ‘Indian cinema celebrities’, ‘celebrity suicides’, ‘COVID-19 pandemic’, ‘depression’, ‘financial strife’, and ‘lockdown related restriction’

Retrospective, Cross-sectional study

Between 2002–2019 and during the first three months of Covid-19 pandemic

While the 16 celebrity suicides prior to the COVID-19 pandemic spread over 17 years (2002–2019), the seven celebrity suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred within a 3-month period. Depression was reported to be the most common cause of celebrity suicides both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the increased incidence of celebrity suicides during the ongoing pandemic suggests a possible association between COVID-19-related restrictions and the exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions such as depression that increases the risk of suicidality among Indian celebrities

Czeisler et al. 2020

Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 24–30, 2020

Monash University,

Melbourne, Australia,

Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts,

USA

5,470 subjects

Adults who completed web-based surveys. Among subjects receiving treatment for previously diagnosed condition: 536 have Anxiety (9.8%),

540

Depression

(9.9%),

251

Posttraumatic stress disorder

(4.6%)

Age range of the sample:

18–24:

731 (13.4%),

25–44:

1,911 (34.9%),

45–64:

1,895 (34.6%),

 ≥ 65:

933 (17.1%);

2,784 Female (50.9%)

To assess mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the pandemic

Respondents also reported whether they had seriously considered suicide in the 30 days preceding the survey

Cross-sectional survey

During April–June of 2020, compared with the same period in 2019

Overall, 40.9% of 5,470 respondents who completed surveys during June reported an adverse mental or behavioral health condition, including having seriously considered suicide in the preceding 30 days (10.7%). Suicidal ideation was also elevated; approximately twice as many respondents reported serious consideration of suicide in the previous 30 days than did adults in the United States in 2018, referring to the previous 12 months. Mental health conditions are disproportionately affecting specific populations including those receiving treatment for pre-existing psychiatric conditions

Iob et al. 2020

Abuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

London United Kingdom

44 775 subjects

Data from University College London's (UCL's) COVID-19 Social Study;

8757 received a Mental health diagnosis (19.6%)

Age range of the sample: between 18–29 years:

7835 (17.5%), between

30–44 years:

10 394 (23.2%), between 45–59 years:

12 031 (26.9%),

Over 60 years: 14 515 (32.4%); Female 22 846 (51.0%)

To address evidence gaps by exploring patterns of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the UK in the first month of lockdown due the COVID-19 pandemic and exploring whether those having such experiences were accessing formal or informal mental health support

Suicidal ideation assessed according to the suicidal item of Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9

Cross‐sectional survey

Between 21 March and 20 April 2020

7984 participants (18%) reported experiencing thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the first month of lockdown and 2174 participants (5%) reported harming themselves at least once since the start of the UK's lockdown. In the first month of lockdown in the group of subjects with a mental health diagnosis 3813 reported self-harm/suicidal thoughts 3813 (43.5%); 1241 reported self-harm behaviors (14.2%). The patterning of thoughts and experiences of self-harm during the first month of lockdown included having a mental disorder

Panigrahi et al. 2021

COVID-19 and suicides in India: A pilot study of reports in the media and scientific literature

India

151 reports

COVID-19 related suicides (CRS) reports

7 had a pre-existing psychiatric illness, depression

Mean age of the sample:

38.7 years;

19.2% (29) were females

To analyze reports of COVID-19 related suicides (CRS) to identify associated factors with a broader goal to inform management and prevention strategies

Search scientific literature, government websites and online newspaper reports in English and nine regional languages to identify relevant COVID-19 related suicides (CRS) reports

Retrospective, Cross-sectional study

Between 1st February 2020 to 30th September 2020

The study suggests that socio-demographic factors, stigma related to a diagnosis of COVID-19, being in quarantine/isolation and recent physician contact are markers of COVID-19 related suicides CRS

Among the deceased, majority (89.4%, 135), had no comorbid physical/mental illness or substance use

Kasal et al. 2022

Suicide Risk in Individuals With and Without Mental Disorders Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Three Nationwide Cross-Sectional Surveys in Czechia

Czech Republic

May 2020 dataset consisted of 3,021 participants,

2017 dataset consisted of 3,306 respondents,

November 2020 dataset consisted of 3,000 participants

Data from three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of Czech community-dwelling adults

Subjects with a major depressive episode were:

132 (3.99%) in 2017 May sample,

359 (11.88%) in 2020 May sample,

382 (12.73%) in 2020 November sample;

Anxiety disorders were: 261 (7.89%) in 2017 May sample,

408 (13.51%) in 2020 May sample,

398 (13.27%) in 2020 November sample

Mean age of the sample: 48 years 2017 May sample,

46 years

2020 May

Sample,

46 years 2020 November

Sample;

2017 May sample: 1,774 females (53.66%),

2020 May

sample:

1,581 females (52.33%),

2020 November

Sample: 1,534 females

(51.13%)

To assess changes in suicide risk (SR) in people with and without mental disorders, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia

Past month SR was assessed using a separate M.I.N.I. module consisting of 6 questions (1) “Think that you would be better off dead or wish you were dead?”, (2) “Want to harm yourself?”, (3) “Think about suicide?”, (4) “Have a suicide plan?”, and (5) “Attempt suicide?”, (6) “Did you ever make a suicide attempt?”. In line with the scoring procedure proposed by the authors of the instrument, we considered a positive answer to any question as indicative of past-month SR. A positive answer to any of the first four and last two items was indicative of presence of ST and suicidal behavior (SB), respectively

Analysis of Three Nationwide Cross-Sectional Surveys,

paper and pencil interviewing, while for the two 2020 data collections, we used a mixed computer-assisted web interviewing and computer-assisted telephone interviewing approach

Three nationwide cross-sectional surveys: November 2017,

May and November 2020

Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibited an increase of approximately 12% and 20% in SB prevalence compared to the baseline,

major depressive disorder was associated with higher odds of SR in all three datasets

Mortier et. al 2021

Thirty‐day suicidal thoughts and behaviors among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID‐19 outbreak

Spain

5450 hospital workers

Cohort of Spanish hospital workers

568 had a lifetime mood disorder, 1893 had a lifetime anxiety disorder

Mean age of the sample:

42.9 years in those that completed the STB items,

42.1 years in those that did not;

females 80.8% in those that completed the STB items, females 82.1% in those that did not

To examine baseline prevalence of 30‐day STB and to investigate the relationship of potentially modifiable contextual factors related to hospital workers' perceived work and financial situation, with 30‐day STB

Modified version of selected items from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale

Cross-sectional survey

From May

5–July 23, 2020

Thirty‐day suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) prevalence was estimated at 8.4%

6 professionals attempted suicide in the past 30 days. In adjusted models, 30‐day suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) remained significantly associated with pre‐pandemic lifetime mood and anxiety disorder