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Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate analysis of variables related to functional outcome among bipolar disorder patients in Northwest Ethiopia from April to June 2021 (N = 411)

From: Assessments of functional outcomes and its determinants among bipolar disorder patients in Northwest Ethiopia comprehensive specialized hospitals: a multicenter hospital-based study

Variable

Functional impairment status

COR (95%CI)

p-value

AOR (95%CI)

p-value

 

No

Yes

    

Marital status

      

 Single

81

84

1

 < 0.001*

1

 

 Married

145

46

0.338(0.217–0.0525)

0.052

0.383(0.171–0.857)

0.020*

 Widowed

2

9

3.667(0.988–13.605)

0.682

5.045(1.002–25.412)

0.05

 Divorced

17

23

1.150(0.589–2.247)

 

1.231(0.491–3.085)

0.657

Occupation

      

 Civil servant

42

18

1

 

1

 

 Private worker

18

6

0.679(0.235–1.960)

0.474

0.887(0.235–3.347)

0.86

 Farmer

41

22

1.325(0.633–2.772)

0.455

1.201(0.443–3.256)

0.72

 Housewife

71

33

0.979(0.495–1.933)

0.95

1.033(0.399–2.676)

0.947

 Unemployed

32

55

4.451(2.219–8.929)

 < 0.001**

3.911(1.457–10.499)

0.007*

 Student

46

27

1.427(0.700–2.909)

0.328

0.762(0.259–2.245)

0.622

Study area

      

 Gondar

118

62

1

0.709

1

0.98

 Felegehiwot

104

61

1.086(0.703–1.680)

 < 0.001**

2.823(1.493–5.334)

0.002*

 Tibebegion

25

41

2.986(1.691–5.274)

 

3.382(1.592–7.184)

 

BMI

      

 Normal

190

124

1

0.695

1

0.322

 Underweight

29

20

1.126(0.622–2.041)

0.386

1.488(0.678–3.266)

0.609

 Overweight

26

14

0.742(0.377–1.1458)

0.040*

0.776(0.294–2.049)

0.028*

 Obese

3

5

4.096(1.066–15.735)

 

6.491(1.219–34.575)

 

Type of BD

      

 BD-I

195

117

1

 

1

0.994

 BD-I with psychotic feature

42

38

1.405(0.864–2.286)

0.171

0.997(0.484–2.054)

0.078

 BD-II

9

10

2.646(1.111–6.302)

0.028*

3.303(0.874–12.481)

 

Current mood status

      

 Euthymic phase

170

46

1

 

1

 

 Manic phase

63

90

5.644(3.579–8.900)

 < 0.001**

5.153(2.839–9.352)

 < 0.001**

 Depressive phase

15

27

6.453(3.265–12.752)

 < 0.001**

7.794(3.313–18.338)

 < 0.001**

Treatment duration

      

 ≤ 1 year

51

53

1

 

1

0.051

 1–5 year

130

63

0.482(0.298–0.779)

0.003*

0.500(0.249–1.004)

0.067

 5–10 year

52

32

0.596(0.337–1.054)

0.075

0.361(0.361–1.863)

0.384

 > 10 year

16

14

0.903(0.406–2.009)

0.803

0.588(0.178–1.942)

 

No of relapse per year

      

 No relapse

164

70

1

 < 0.001**

1

0.006*

 Once relapse

75

78

2.494(1.640–3.792)

 < 0.001**

2.235(1.254–3.984)

 < 0.001**

 ≥ two relapses

9

15

5.067(2.186–11.744)

 

8.303(2.725–25.295)

 

Suicidal ideation

      

 Yes

25

49

1

 < 0.001**

1

0.008*

 No

227

110

0.260(0.156–0.436)

 

0.415(0.216–0.795)

 

Suicidal attempt

      

 Yes

6

19

1

 < 0.001**

1

0.99

 No

240

146

0.206(0.090–0.473)

 

1.009(0.271–3.751)

 

Lifetime substance use

      

 Yes

119

91

1

0.084

1

0.226

 No

131

70

0.709(0.479–1.048)

 

0.669(0.349–1.283)

 

3-month substance use

      

 Yes

20

31

1

0.001**

1

0.028*

 No

228

132

0.363(0.204–0.645)

 

0.413(0.188–0.908)

 

No of hospitalization

      
 

120

63

1

0.061

1

1

 No

86

67

1.521(0.981–2.358)

0.071

1.513(0.810–2.825)

0.194

 Once

32

25

1.722(0.954–3.110)

0.152

1.502(0.604–3.735)

0.381

 Twice

9

8

1.968(0.779–4.976)

 

0.951(0.237–3.816)

0.944

 ≥ three

      

Adherence

      

 Adherent

31

60

1

 

1

 

 Non-adherent

218

102

4.496(2.763–7.317)

 < 0.001**

3.212(1.706–6.048)

 < 0.001**

Medication acquisition

      

 Health insurance

104

97

1

0.001**

1

0.007*

 Out of pocket

139

71

0.515(0.347–0.764)

 

0.457(0.259–0.807)

 

Medication discontinuation

      

 Yes

102

82

1

0.016*

1

1

 No

146

81

0.618(0.417–0.915)

 

0.695(0.373–1.294

0.251

Current regimen types

      

 MS plus AP

160

120

1

 

1

1

 MS plus AD

6

6

1.301(0.410–4.132)

0.656

0.877(0.147–5.222)

0.885

 MS alone

20

5

0.434(0.179–1.053)

0.065

6.324(0.270–148.401

0.252

 AP alone

45

18

0.488(0.270–0.880)

0.017

5.643(0.258–123.642

0.272

 AP plus MD

6

3

0.557(0.141–2.200)

0.404

0.924(0.162–5.285)

0.929

 MS plus AP plus AD

12

10

1.301(0.565–2.995)

0.537

1.484(0.418–188.275

0.542

  1. *Indicates p < 0.05 and **indicates p < 0.001