Digital comparison of healthy young adults and borderline patients engaged in non-suicidal self-injury

Stroehmer, Rachel; Edel, Marc A.; Pott, Steffi; Juckel, Georg; Haussleiter, Ida S.

doi:10.1186/s12991-015-0088-5

Annals of General Psychiatry

Table 1 NSSI characteristics

From: Digital comparison of healthy young adults and borderline patients engaged in non-suicidal self-injury

	NSSI + BPD	NSSI − BPD	Chi-square^a /t test^b	df	p value
Basics
Still lasting/current (n, %)	32 (64 %)	28 (56 %)	0.667^a	1	0.414
Age of onset (mean ± SD)	20.56 ± 6.36	17.5 ± 9.28	−1.507^b	58	0.137
Duration (mean ± SD)
In months, current	66.27 ± 87.61	105.8 ± 84.55	1.774^b	58	0.081
In months, ceased	57.09 ± 77.49	59.58 ± 43.44	0.136^b	44	0.892
Each time in minutes	20.04 ± 25.3	16.34 ± 15.8	−0.878^b	98	0.382
Use of mental health services (n, %)	50 (100 %)	19 (38 %)	44.928^a	1	<0.001***
Talking about NSSI with (n, %)
Other than therapist	17 (34 %)	10 (20 %)	2.486^a	2	0.088
Parents	3 (6 %)	1 (2 %)	3.835^a	2	0.147
Open presentation (n, %)	8 (16 %)	5 (10 %)	0.796^a	1	0.554
Reason for NSSI (n, %)
More attention	1 (2 %)	3 (6 %)	1.203^a	2	0.548
Intense feeling	47 (94 %)	38 (76 %)	5.943^a	2	0.051
Reason for interruption (each time) (n, %)
Feelings changed	41 (82 %)	42 (84 %)	0.071^a	1	0.790
Bleeding	20 (40 %)	14 (28 %)	1.604^a	1	0.205
Exhausted	8 (16 %)	15 (30 %)	2.767^a	1	0.096
Caught	8 (16 %)	8 (16 %)	0.000^a	1	1.000
Reason for complete discontinuation (n, %)
Relationship	1 (4.5 %)	7 (29.2 %)	4.901^a	2	0.049*
Therapy	8 (36.4 %)	4 (16 %)	2.903^a	2	0.234
Need	1 (4.5 %)	14 (56 %)	14.561^a	2	0.001**
Feelings prior to action (n, %)
Strain	42 (84 %)	37 (74 %)	1.507^a	1	0.220
Inner emptiness	37 (74 %)	30 (60 %)	2.216^a	1	0.137
Aggression	37 (74 %)	29 (58 %)	2.852^a	1	0.091
Sadness	31 (62 %)	34 (68 %)	0.396^a	1	0.529
Fear	3 (6 %)	25 (50 %)	24.008^a	1	<0.001***
Fatigue	3 (6 %)	14 (28 %)	8.575^a	1	0.006**
Pleasure	1 (2 %)	1 (2 %)	0.000^a	1	1.000
Disappointment	1 (2 %)	22 (44 %)	24.901^a	1	<0.001***
Methods
Number of methods (mean ± SD)	1.78 ± 0.93	1.56 ± 0.91	−1.196^b	98	0.235
Cutting (n, %)	43 (86 %)	40 (80 %)	0.638^a	1	0.424
Hitting (n, %)	24 (48 %)	20 (40 %)	0.649^a	1	0.420
Burning (n, %)	15 (30 %)	16 (32 %)	0.047^a	1	0.829
Trichotillomania (n, %)	7 (14 %)	2 (4 %)	3.053^a	1	0.160
Self-cutting localizations	n = 43	n = 40
Number of localizations (mean ± SD)	1.96 ± 1.195	2.38 ± 1.861	1.343^b	98	0.005**
Upper limb (n, %)	43 (100 %)	35 (87.5 %)	4.487^a	2	0.017*
Arm, proximal	17 (39.5 %)	18 (45 %)	0.044^a	2	0.834
Arm, distal	37 (86 %)	32 (80 %)	1.177^a	2	0.555
Arm, distal incl. hand	42 (97.7 %)	32 (80 %)	5.198^a	2	0.023*
Hand (n, %)	16 (37.2 %)	19 (47.5 %)	2.257^a	2	0.323
Lower limb	23 (53.5 %)	30 (75 %)	8.019^a	2	0.042*
Leg, proximal	13 (30.2 %)	26 (65 %)	7.104^a	2	0.008**
Leg, distal	13 (30.2 %)	17 (42.5 %)	3.673^a	2	0.159
Leg, distal incl. foot	14 (32.6 %)	18 (45 %)	0.735^a	2	0.391
Foot	2 (4.7 %)	7 (17.5 %)	5.760^a	2	0.056

NSSI + BPD n = 50; NSSI−BPD n = 50; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
^a Chi-square; ^b t test

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