|
Subgroup of ISI
|
All
|
No clinically significant insomnia (NCSI)
|
Sub-threshold insomnia (S-TI)
|
Moderate clinical insomnia (MCI)
|
Severe clinical insomnia (SCl)
|
Statistics (ANOVA)
|
Post hoc comparisons (Dunnett t)a
|
|---|
|
Variables
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
p value
|
S-TI vs NCSI
|
MCI vs NCSI
|
SCl vs NCSI
|
|---|
|
a. Total sample (n = 6205)
|
|
Age (years)
|
76.3 ± 7.4
|
76.5 ± 7.2
|
76.0 ± 7.4
|
76.5 ± 7.6
|
78.1 ± 8.3
|
0.175
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Pain intensity
|
4.2 ± 2.6
|
3.2 ± 2.6
|
4.5 ± 2.4
|
5.3 ± 2.5
|
6.0 ± 2.7
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
Pain spreading
|
5.6 ± 5.4
|
4.4 ± 4.6
|
5.3 ± 4.7
|
7.7 ± 7.1
|
7.4 ± 7.1
|
<0.001
|
*
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-anxiety
|
6.4 ± 4.5
|
4.1 ± 3.7
|
6.6 ± 4.3
|
9.7 ± 5.2
|
12.8 ± 5.9
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-depression
|
5.8 ± 3.8
|
4.1 ± 3.2
|
5.9 ± 3.3
|
8.2 ± 3.9
|
10.5 ± 4.8
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
b. Chronic pain (n = 2790)
|
|
Age (years)
|
76.2 ± 7.5
|
76.6 ± 7.6
|
75.6 ± 7.2
|
76.9 ± 7.8
|
78.7 ± 7.6
|
0.015
|
ns
|
ns
|
**
|
|
Pain intensity
|
5.1 ± 2.1
|
4.4 ± 2.1
|
5.1 ± 1.9
|
5.7 ± 2.2
|
6.5 ± 2.48
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
Pain spreading
|
6.2 ± 5.6
|
5.1 ± 4.9
|
5.8 ± 4.8
|
8.3 ± 7.2
|
8.0 ± 7.2
|
<0.001
|
ns
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-anxiety
|
7.4 ± 4.9
|
5.0 ± 4.1
|
7.2 ± 4.3
|
10.0 ± 5.1
|
13.5 ± 6.7
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-depression
|
6.3 ± 3.8
|
4.8 ± 3.4
|
6.1 ± 3.3
|
8.2 ± 3.8
|
10.7 ± 5.1
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
c. Subacute pain (n = 510)
|
|
Age (years)
|
75.6 ± 6.9
|
75.2 ± 6.9
|
75.4 ± 6.8
|
76.3 ± 7.3
|
76.0 ± 6.9
|
0.890
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Pain intensity
|
4.4 ± 1.8
|
4.1 ± 1.6
|
4.4 ± 1.9
|
4.8 ± 1.8
|
5.5 ± 0.7
|
0.304
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Pain spreading
|
3.1 ± 2.1
|
2.9 ± 2.1
|
3.1 ± 2.2
|
3.4 ± 2.2
|
2.0 ± 0.0
|
0.683
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
GWBS-anxiety
|
6.5 ± 4.8
|
4.4 ± 3.5
|
6.6 ± 4.4
|
10.0 ± 5.3
|
13.7 ± 2.5
|
<0.001
|
**
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-depression
|
5.8 ± 3.7
|
4.3 ± 3.1
|
5.7 ± 3.4
|
8.5 ± 3.7
|
10.0 ± 3.6
|
<0.001
|
*
|
***
|
***
|
|
d. No pain (n = 2905)
|
|
Age (years)
|
75.9 ± 7.6
|
76.5 ± 6.9
|
76.4 ± 7.8
|
75.6 ± 7.4
|
77.1 ± 10.7
|
0.911
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Pain intensity
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Pain spreading
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
GWBS-anxiety
|
4.8 ± 4.2
|
3.3 ± 3.3
|
5.3 ± 4.1
|
8.6 ± 4.8
|
10.9 ± 4.3
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
|
GWBS-depression
|
4.7 ± 3.6
|
3.4 ± 2.9
|
5.2 ± 3.3
|
7.7 ± 4.2
|
9.9 ± 4.2
|
<0.001
|
***
|
***
|
***
|
-
NCSI no clinically significant insomnia, S-TI sub-threshold insomnia, MCI moderate clinical insomnia, SCl severe clinical insomnia, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, GWBS general well-being schedule, NA not applicable
-
aDunnett t tests treat one group as a control (No clinically significant insomnia as control group), and compare all other groups against it; ns non-significant at p < 0.05; NA not applicable
- * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
