Table 1 Characteristics of rural elderly by gender
Characteristics | Total N (%) | Male N (%) | Female N (%) | χ2/t | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observations | 5514 | 2366 (42.9) | 3148 (57.1) | ||
Suicidal ideation | 28.535 | < 0.001 | |||
No | 5089 (92.3) | 2236 (94.5) | 2853 (90.6) | ||
Yes | 425 (7.7) | 130 (5.5) | 295 (9.4) | ||
Age | 21.988 | < 0.001 | |||
60~ | 2964 (53.8) | 1195 (50.5) | 1769 (56.2) | ||
70~ | 2063 (37.4) | 968 (40.9) | 1095 (34.8) | ||
80~ | 487 (8.8) | 203 (8.6) | 284 (9.0) | ||
Marital status | 82.862 | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 4454 (80.8) | 2043 (86.3) | 2411 (76.6) | ||
Others | 1060 (19.2) | 323 (13.7) | 737 (23.4) | ||
Education level | 749.074 | < 0.001 | |||
Illiterate | 2164 (39.2) | 477 (20.2) | 1687 (53.6) | ||
Primary school | 2277 (41.3) | 1140 (48.2) | 1137 (36.1) | ||
Junior school or above | 1073 (19.5) | 749 (31.7) | 324 (10.3) | ||
Self-rated economic | 16.279 | < 0.001 | |||
Good | 856 (15.5) | 421 (17.8) | 435 (13.8) | ||
Moderate or poor | 4658 (84.5) | 1945 (82.2) | 2713 (86.2) | ||
Debts | 3.564 | 0.059 | |||
No | 5204 (94.4) | 2217 (93.7) | 2987 (94.9) | ||
Yes | 310 (5.6) | 149 (6.3) | 161 (5.1) | ||
Self-rated health | 19.989 | < 0.001 | |||
Good | 2878 (52.2) | 1317 (55.7) | 1561 (49.6) | ||
Moderate or bad | 2636 (47.8) | 1049 (44.3) | 1587 (50.4) | ||
NCDs | 52.919 | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1718 (31.2) | 861 (36.4) | 857 (27.2) | ||
Yes | 3796 (68.8) | 1505 (63.6) | 2291 (72.8) | ||
ADL | 28.962 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 4096 (74.3) | 1844 (77.9) | 2252 (71.5) | ||
Disabled | 1418 (25.7) | 522 (22.1) | 896 (28.5) | ||
Living arrangement | 43.806 | < 0.001 | |||
Alone | 775 (14.1) | 248 (10.5) | 527 (16.7) | ||
Others | 4739 (85.9) | 2118 (89.5) | 2621 (83.3) | ||
Relationship with family | 0.712 | 0.399 | |||
Good | 5218 (94.6) | 2232 (94.3) | 2986 (94.9) | ||
Moderate or bad | 296 (5.4) | 134 (5.7) | 162 (5.1) | ||
Stress of daily life | 0.086 | 0.769 | |||
No | 2833 (51.4) | 1221 (51.6) | 1612 (51.2) | ||
Yes | 2681 (48.6) | 1145 (48.4) | 1536 (48.8) | ||
Negative life events | 0.022 | 0.882 | |||
No | 4919 (89.2) | 2109 (89.1) | 2810 (89.3) | ||
Yes | 595 (10.8) | 257 (10.9) | 338 (10.7) | ||
ULS-8 | 11.09 ± 4.59 | 11.15 ± 4.59 | 11.05 ± 4.59 | 0.760 | 0.447 |
Psychological distress | 15.54 ± 6.87 | 14.72 ± 6.58 | 16.15 ± 7.02 | − 7.754 | < 0.001 |
Life satisfaction | 30.55 ± 5.13 | 30.59 ± 5.18 | 30.52 ± 5.10 | 0.497 | 0.619 |