Prevalence and determinants of depression among old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zenebe, Yosef; Akele, Baye; W/Selassie, Mulugeta; Necho, Mogesie

doi:10.1186/s12991-021-00375-x

Annals of General Psychiatry

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants among the elderly populations

From: Prevalence and determinants of depression among old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, year of publication	Country	Study design	Sample size	Tools with cut off points	Sampling technique	Response rate	Characteristics of respondents	Overall prevalence (%)
Boman et al. 2015	Anland, Finnish	CS	1452	GDS-15 ≥ 5	NR	93.5%	F ≥ 65 years	11.2
Güzel et al. 2020	Burdur, Turkey	CS	770	GDS-30 ≥ 14	Cluster sampling method	NR	M & F ≥ 65 years	51.8
Swarnalatha N et al. 2013	Chittoor District, India	CS	400	GDS-15 > 5	Random sampling	100%	M & F ≥ 60 years	47
Ashe et al. 2019	Cuttack district, India	CS	354	GDS-30 ≥ 10	Simple random sampling	97.5%	M & F > 60 years	81.1
Girma et al. 2016	Harar, Ethiopia	CS	344	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Systematic random sampling technique	97.7%	M & F > 60 years	28.5
Mirkena et al. 2018	Ambo, Ethiopia	CS	800	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Multi-stage sampling technique	94.8%	M & F ≥ 60 years	41.8
He et al. 2016	Rural China	CS	509	GDS-30 ≥ 11	NR	96.8%	M & F > 65 years	36.94
Cong et al. 2015	Fuzhou, China	CS	1910	GDS-30 ≥ 11	Randomly selected	98.0%	M & F > 60 years	10.5
Feng et al. 2014	Xinjiang, China	CS	1329	GMS ≥ 3	Multistage stratified random sampling	91.3%	M & F > 60 years	10.61
Kugbey et al. 2018	Ghana	CS	262	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Stratified random sampling	100%	M & F > 65 years	37.8
Rajkumar et al. 2009	Southern Indian, Tamil Nadu	CS	978	ICD-10	NR	97.75%	M & F > 65 years	12.7
Choulagai P S et al. 2013	Kathmandu Valley, Nepal	CS	78	GDS-30 ≥ 10	Purposively selected	100%	M & F > 60 years	51.3
Simkhada et al. 2017	Kathmandu, Nepal	CS	300	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Randomly selected	99.0%	M & F > 60 years	60.6
Manandhar et al. 2019	Kavre district, Nepal	CS	439	GDS-15 ≥ 6	Randomly selected	95.4%	M & F ≥ 60 years	53.1
Arslantas et al. 2014	Middle Anatolia, Turkey	CS	203	GDS-30 ≥ 13	NR	80.8%	M & F ≥ 65 years	45.8
Yaka et al. 2014	Turkey	CS	482	GDS-15 ≥ 8	Cluster sampling method	100%	M & F ≥ 65 years	18.5
Charoensakulchai et al. 2019	Thailand	CS	416	GDS-30 ≥ 13	NR	100%	M & F > 60 years	18.5
Forlani et al. 2012	Bologna, Italy	CS	359	ICD-10	Randomly chosen sample	100%	M & F > 74 years	25.1
Wilson et al. 2007	UK	Cohort	376	GDS-15 ≥ 5	NR	100%	M & F 80 to 90 years	21
Steffens et al. 2009	USA	Cohort	775	CIDI-SF ≥ 5	Stratified sampling method	90.5%	M & F > 71 years	11.19
Manaf et al. 2016	Perak, Malaysia	CS	230	DASS-21 ≥ 5	Convenient sampling	100%	M & F > 60 years	27.8
Almeida et al. 2014	Kimberley and Derby, Australia	CS	235	KICA-dep ≥ 9	NR	94.0%	M & F > 45 years	7.7
Weyerer et al. 2008	German	CS	3242	GDS-15 ≥ 6	NR	100%	M & F > 75 years	9.7
Jadav et al. 2017	Vadodara, Gujarat, India	CS	176	GDS-15 > 5	Simple random sampling	88%	M & F > 60 years	34.1
Sinha et al. 2013	Tamil Nadu, India	CS	103	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Universal sampling technique	100%	M & F ≥ 60 years	42.7
Kaji et al. 2010	Japan	CS	10,969	CES-D ≥ 16	Stratified sampling design	100%	M & F > 50 years	31.2
Ferna´ndez et al. 2014	Mexico	CS	7867	CES-D ≥ 5	NR	NR	M & F > 60 years	35.6
AL-shammari et al. 1999	Saudi Arabia	CS	7970	GDS-30 ≥ 10	Stratified two-stage sampling technique	98.8%	M & F > 60 years	39
Sidik et al. 2004	Sepang, Malaysia	CS	223	GDS-30 > 10	Simple random sampling	84.8%	M & F > 60 years	7.6
Subramaniam et al. 2016	Singapore	CS	2565	GMS ≥ 1	Stratified sampling design	NR	M & F > 60 years	17.1
Assil et al. 2013	Sudan	CS	300	GDS-15 ≥ 5	Systematic random sampling	100%	M & F > 60 years	41.0
Haseen et al. 2011	Rural, Thailand	CS	1001	Euro-D scale-12 ≥ 5	NR	100%	M & F > 60 years	27.5
Ghubash et al. 2004	United Arab Emirates	CS	610	GMS-A3 ≥ 3	Selected by randomly	90.3%	M & F > 60 years	20.2
Abdo et al. 2011	Zagazig District, Egypt	CS	290	GDS-30 ≥ 10	Multistage random sampling technique	100%	M & F > 60 years	46. 6
Snowdon et al. 1994	Sydney, Australia	Cohort	146	DSM-III	Random sample	69%	M & F > 65 years	12.5
McCall et al. 2002	USA	CS	617	MCS ≥ 42	Simple random sampling	61.7%	M & F > 65 years	25
Li et al. 2016	China, CDEP	CS	4901	GDS-30 ≥ 11	Consecutively selected	NR	M & F > 60 years	11.6
Mendes et al. 2008	Brazil, Inpatients	CS	189	GDS-15 > 6	Randomly selected	100%	M & F > 60 years	56.1
Li et al. 2016	China, EMI	CS	2373	GDS-30 ≥ 11	Consecutively selected	NR	M & F > 60 years	18.1
Prashanth et al. 2015	India, Outpatient	Cohort	51	GDS-15 ≥ 5	NR	100%	M & F > 60 years	58.8
Helvik et al. 2010	Norway, Medical inpatients	CS	484	HADS ≥ 8	NR	100%	M & F > 65 years	10.3
Anantapong et al. 2017	Thailand, Outpatients	CS	408	GDS-15 > 5	Convenience sampling	100%	65–99 years	9.6

CDEP: community-dwelling elderly people; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CIDI-SF: Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form; CS: cross-sectional; DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; DSM-III: diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; EMI: elderly medical inpatients; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; GMS: Geriatric Mental State Schedule; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; KICA-dep: Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment of Depression; MCS: mental component summary; NR: not reported; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America

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ISSN: 1744-859X

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