Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
From: Depression and anxiety in different hypertension phenotypes: a cross-sectional study
Cont | WhHT | non-ResHT | ResHT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (male/female) | 82 (31:51) | 44 (22:22) | 200 (91:109) | 37 (14:23) |
Age (years) | 49.61 ± 18.28 | 44.12 ± 13.36 | 59.44 ± 13.24 | 65.55 ± 10.22 |
Duration of hypertension (years) | − | − | 9.40 ± 9.11 | 17.44 ± 13.22 |
Diabetes [n (%)] | − | 3 (3.7%) | 32 (16%) | 16 (43%) |
CV disease [n (%)] | − | − | 18 (9%) | 12 (32%) |
Current smoker [n (%)] | 12 (15%) | 8 (18%) | 38 (19%) | 7 (19%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.35 ± 3.65 | 27.70 ± 5.62 | 28.80 ± 4.62 | 30.50 ± 3.45 |
Blood glucose (mmol/l) | 4.90 (4.60–5.51) | 5.15 (4.75–5.40) | 5.49 (5.00–6.32) | 6.28 (5.26–7.50) |
GFR–EPI (ml/min/1.73m2) | 79.31 ± 32.40 | 93.31 ± 30.09 | 81.69 ± 18.37 | 72.35 ± 24.24 |
Uric acid (µmol/l) | 295.00 ± 72.97 | 307.61 ± 68.92 | 327.86 ± 81.82 | 351.59 ± 101.05 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.41 ± 1.10 | 5.54 ± 1.38 | 5.41 ± 1.15 | 4.76 ± 1.33 |
LDL (mmol/l) | 3.30 ± 0.97 | 3.56 ± 1.24 | 3.34 ± 1.03 | 2.73 ± 1.24 |
HDL (mmol/l) | 1.64 ± 0.36 | 1.47 ± 0.37 | 1.38 ± 0.38 | 1.26 ± 0.32 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 0.96 (0.69–1.30) | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 1.48 (1.08–2.05) | 1.53 (1.10–2.47) |
Medication [n (%)] | ||||
ACE-inhibitor | − | − | 118 (59%) | 24 (64.9%) |
ARB [n (%)] | − | − | 29 (14.5%) | 12 (32.4%) |
Calcium channel blocker | − | − | 75 (37.5%) | 28 (75.6%) |
Beta-blocker | − | − | 89 (44.5%) | 27 (72.9%) |
Diuretic | − | − | 23 (11.5%) | 33 (89.2%) |
Alfa-adrenergic receptor blocker | − | − | 22 (11%) | 19 (51.3%) |
Centrally acting agents | − | − | 1 (0.5%) | − |
Direct acting vasodilators | − | − | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (13.5%) |
Antiplatelet drug | 1 (1.2%) | − | 42 (21%) | 12 (32.4%) |
Statin | 6 (7.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 50 (25%) | 12 (32.4%) |
Fibrate | − | − | 7 (3.5%) | 5 (13.5%) |
Alprazolam | 1 (1.2%) | − | 18 (9%) | 2 (5.4%) |
Number of antihypertensive medications | ||||
0 | 82 (100%) | 44 (100%) | − | − |
1 | − | − | 85 (42.5%) | − |
2 | − | − | 72 (36%) | − |
3 | − | − | 43 (21.5%) | 16 (43.2%) |
4 | − | − | − | 9 (24.3%) |
5 | − | − | − | 9 (24.3%) |
6 | − | − | − | 2 (5.4%) |
7 | − | − | − | 1 (2.7%) |