Table 3 The pooled prevalence of depression among MSM (over all prevalence, subgroup analysis of depression)
Depression | No. of study(ss) | No. of depression | Pooled prevalence | Heterogeneity assessment | Z Score (P Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | p-value | |||||
Overall | 71 (51541) | 15171 | % 35 (% 31 - % 39) | % 98.95 | <0.00 | Â |
Population | ||||||
 Healthy | 60 (47788) | 13558 | % 33 (%28 - %37) | % 99.02 | <0.00 | 9.21 (0.001) |
 HIV | 11 (3753) | 1613 | % 47 (%39 - %55) | % 95.76 | <0.00 | |
Continent | ||||||
 Asia | 33 (27841) | 7280 | % 37 (% 31 - % 43) | % 99.07 | <0.00 | 2.96 (0.400) |
 Africa | 7 (2083) | 638 | % 34 (%17 - % 53) | % 98.69 | <0.00 | |
 America | 23 (15921) | 5755 | % 35 (% 29 - % 42) | % 98.68 | <0.00 | |
 Europe | 8 (5696) | 1498 | %26 (%17 - %37) | % 98.65 | <0.00 | |
Age | ||||||
 ≥30 | 28 (23350) | 5388 | %33 (%26 - %39) | % 98.84 | <0.00 | 0.79 (0.001) |
 <30 | 26 (11122) | 4027 | %37 (%30 - %43) | % 98.01 | <0.00 | |
 Not | 17 (17069) | 5756 | %36 (%27 - %44) | %99.25 | <0.00 | |
Measuring tools | ||||||
 DASS | 1 (225) | 109 | %48 (%42 - %55) | – | – | 458.26 (0.001) |
 PHQ | 13 (17943) | 2795 | %23 (%16 - %31) | % 98.74 | <0.00 | |
 ESTQ | 2 (530) | 118 | %22 (%18 - %25) | 0.00 | <0.00 | |
 MINI | 1 (150) | 43 | %29 (%22 - %37) | – | – | |
 DSM | 2 (957) | 98 | %9 (%8 - %11) | 0.00 | <0.00 | |
 HADS | 2 (642) | 292 | %45 (%42 - %49) | 0.00 | <0.00 | |
 CES-D | 43 (27305) | 10473 | %40 (%36 - %44) | % 97.99 | <0.00 | |
 SDS | 2 (1614) | 534 | %33 (%31 - %35) | 0.00 | <0.00 | |
 CIDI | 1 (1078) | 334 | %31 (%28 - %340 | – | – | |
 GHQ | 1 (342) | 153 | %45 (%39 - %50) | – | – | |
 Becks depression inventory | 2 (417) | 120 | %28 (%24 - %32) | 0.00 | <0.00 | |
 Not | 1 (338) | 102 | %30 (%25 - %35) | – | – | |
Method of sampling | ||||||
 Driven sampling technique | 17 (21152) | 4494 | %34 (%25 - %43) | % 99.32 | <0.00 | 10.98 (0.030) |
 Convenient | 7 (2710) | 967 | %36 (%32 - %41) | %86.20 | <0.00 | |
 Non-probability | 5 (3695) | 1500 | %44 (%35 - %53) | % 96.42 | <0.00 | |
 Probability sample | 8 (4868) | 938 | %23 (%15 - %32) | % 97.21 | <0.00 | |
 Not | 34 (19116) | 7272 | %36 (%31 - %42) | % 98.18 | <0.00 | |
Score of NOS | ||||||
 SCORE=5 | 4 (2049) | 447 | %20 (%7 - %39) | % 98.76 | <0.00 | 3.56 (0.31) |
 SCORE=6 | 35 (19684) | 6777 | %37(%33 - %42) | %97.94 | <0.00 | |
 SCORE=7 | 27 (27858) | 7285 | %34(%27 - %42) | %99.32 | <0.00 | |
 sSCORE=8 | 5 (1950) | 662 | %33(%15 - %55) | %98.97 | <0.00 | |