Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample
Characteristics | Total sample (N = 491) | BSNAS − (N = 119) | BSNAS + (N = 372) | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD | 21.8 ± 1.7 | 21.6 ± 1.8 | 21.9 ± 1.7 | *t = − 1.374 p = 0.183 |
Gender, % (N) | ||||
Female | 64.4% (N = 316) | 27.2% (N = 86) | 72.8% (N = 230) | **χ2(1) = 4.285 p = 0.047*** |
Male | 35.6% (N = 175) | 18.9% (N = 33) | 81.1% (N = 142) | |
Marital status, % (N) | ||||
Single | 58% (N = 285) | 16.5% (N = 47) | 83.5% (N = 238) | **χ2(3) = 24.623 p < 0.001 |
Married or cohabiting | 38.3% (N = 188) | 33.5% (N = 63) | 66.5% (N = 125) | |
Separated or divorced | 2.9% (N = 14) | 50% (N = 7) | 50% (N = 7) | |
Widowed | 0.8% (N = 4) | 50% (N = 2) | 50% (N = 2) | |
Education level, % (N) | ||||
University degree, yes, % (N) | 53% (N = 260) | 27.7% (N = 72) | 72.3% (N = 188) | **χ2(3) = 7.121 p = 0.068 |
High school degree, yes, % (N) | 46% (N = 226) | 19.9% (N = 45) | 80.1% (N = 181) | |
Middle school, yes, % (N) | 0.8% (N = 4) | 25% (N = 1) | 75% (N = 3) | |
Elementary school, yes, % (N) | 0.2% (N = 1) | 100% (N = 0) | 0 (N = 0) | |
Employment level, % (N) | ||||
Full-time employed, yes, % (N) | 36.3% (N = 178) | 32% (N = 57) | 68% (N = 121) | **χ2(4) = 29.422 p < 0.001 |
Unemployed, yes, % (N) | 2.6% (N = 13) | 23.1% (N = 3) | 76.9% (N = 10) | |
Student, yes, % (N) | 45.2% (N = 222) | 13.5% (N = 30) | 86.5% (N = 192) | |
Full-time homemaker, yes, % (N) | 8.8% (N = 43) | 30.2% (N = 13) | 69.8% (N = 30) | |
Lost job due to the pandemic, yes, % (N) | 3.7% (N = 18) | 11.1% (N = 2) | 88.9% (N = 16) | **χ2(1) = 1.753 p = 0.147*** |
Any comorbid physical condition(s), yes, % (N) | 11.4% (N = 56) | 33.9% (N = 19) | 66.1% (N = 37) | **χ2(1) = 3.234 p = 0.072 |
Any mental health problem(s), yes, % (N) | 5.3% (N = 26) | 15.4% (N = 4) | 84.6% (N = 22) | **χ2(1) = 1.171 p = 0.279*** |
Have you been infected by COVID-19, yes, % (N) | 0.8% (N = 4) | 25% (N = 1) | 75% (N = 3) | n.v |
Have you been isolated due to COVID-19 infection, yes, % (N) | 1.8% (N = 9) | 11.1% (N = 1) | 88.9% (N = 8) | n.v |
Have you been hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection, yes, % (N) | 0.2% (N = 1) | 100% (N = 1) | 0% (N = 0) | n.v |
Have you been isolated due to a contact with someone affected by COVID-19, yes, % (N) | 4.9% (N = 24) | 25% (N = 6) | 75% (N = 18) | **χ2(1) = 0.008 p = 0.546*** |
Phase II | 47.5% (N = 233) | 26.2% (N = 61) | 73.8% (N = 172) | **χ2(1) = 0.913 p = 0.339 |
Phase III | 52.5% (N = 258) | 22.5% (N = 58) | 77.5% (N = 200) | |