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Distribution of Cytochrome P450 2D6 in the human brain: potential role in psychotropic drug response
Annals of General Psychiatry volume 7, Article number: S127 (2008)
Background
The cytochromes P450 (CYP450) 1-3 are involved in 70-80% of all phase-I dependent metabolism of drugs. Highly polymorphic CYP450 2D6 gene is coding biotransformation of about 25% of clinically used medications, including opioid analgesics, antipsychotics and antidepressants. Its liver tissue expression is well investigated, but still controversial information is available regarding the presence in the human brain, as well as the contribution to psychotropic drug actions and adverse drug reactions. This review followed-up the published data according to the localization, regional distribution and protein expression of CYP 2D6 in CNS and analyzed the current information about its role in local drug pharmacokinetics and drug response.
Materials and methods
MEDLINEplus, PubMed, Entrez and Medscape databases and electronic journals were searched for studies on CYP 2D6 in the human brain. Published research articles and reviews on pharmacogenetics of oxidative metabolism and psychotropic drug response were observed for the potential role of CYP 2D6 brain expression.
Results
Reviewed studies demonstrated CYP2D6 distribution, CYP2D6 mRNA and protein constitutive expression in neuronal and glial cells in certain CNS regions [1–3]. Some data supported differences in brain CYP2 induction, depending on the region, cell type and inducer. CYP2D6 was found to be involved in the brain endogenous substances metabolism and its enzyme activity could be under various regulatory mechanisms with potential influence on drug response [4].
Conclusions
Constitutive expression of CYP2D6 in CNS may create a local environment of drug metabolism, which, along with the potential neurotransmitter modulation, may contribute to altered sensitivity and inter-individual variability in psychotropic drug response.
References
Hedlund E., Gustafsson J-A., Warner M.: Cytochrome P450 in the Brain. Current Drug Metabolism. 2001, 2: 245-263. 10.2174/1389200013338513.
Chinta S., Pai H., Upadhya S., Boyd M., Ravindranath V.: Constitutive expression and localization of the major drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P4502D in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002, 103 (1-2): 49-61. 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00177-8.
Siegle I., Fritz P., Eckhardt K., Zanger U., Eichelbaum M.: Cellular localization and regional distribution of CYP2D6 mRNA and protein expression in human brain. Pharmacogenetics. 2001, 11 (3): 237-245. 10.1097/00008571-200104000-00007.
Miksys S, Tyndale R: The unique regulation of brain cytochrome P450 2 (CYP2) family enzymes by drugs and genetics. Drug Metab Rev. 2004, 36 (2): 313-333. 10.1081/DMR-120034149.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Pendicheva, D., Duhlenski, I., Donchev, T. et al. Distribution of Cytochrome P450 2D6 in the human brain: potential role in psychotropic drug response. Ann Gen Psychiatry 7 (Suppl 1), S127 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-7-S1-S127
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-7-S1-S127